Aquaculture And Fisheries Industry In Malaysia

Aquaculture And Fisheries Industry In Malaysia Presentation Aquaculture industry in Malaysia these days has gotten one of motor of development that adds to the improvement in the economy of our nation. Fisheries industry is one of the principle areas of food flexibly in Malaysia. At 2008, aquaculture has accomplished about 20.8% commitment in fisheries industryâ [ 1 ]  . Among different kinds of aquaculture exercises, salty water aquaculture is the overwhelming practice in the business. Aquaculture is getting one of approaches to upgrade food security and increment send out incomes of Malaysia. In this manner, commercialisation of aquaculture industry is the incredible concern give by government and private segments to advance a superior life and way of life of individuals notwithstanding of expanding the economy improvement. I need to explore how far the commercialisation of shrimp contributes in the part of economy improvement and Human Developing Index. I have the plan to do this exploration at first in light of the fact t hat I’ve seen that cultivated shrimp have been requested by individuals for some reasons. This examination was done to research the impact of commercialisation of shrimp cultivating in aquaculture industry towards the territory in Merbok, Kedah. The vast majority of the shrimp ranchers pick different kind of shrimp in their homestead as indicated by request by individuals. I decided to do this examination in Merbok at first since it is one of significant aquaculture region of in Kuala Muda, Kedah. In addition, Kedah is ready to turn into a significant shrimp aquaculture zoneâ [ 2 ]  . The examination is critical to research the impact of commercialisation towards the encompassing region including ranchers, family units and private divisions in Merbok. The Malaysian government helps the shrimp culture industry through the Department of Fisheries, which gives counsel and specialized help. Also, aquaculture industry is become to deliver high worth species for local market ju st as for the fare advertise. Around 80 percent of the Malaysian shrimp culture creation is sent out, for the most part to Singapore, Japan, the United States, and Europe. Fare advertise contributes basically towards expanding incomes in economy of Malaysia. In any case, in this examination, there is no numerical information about fare of shrimp in light of the fact that the greater part of ranchers in Merbok don't send out their items legitimately. Moreover, this exploration is noteworthy to cause the network to understand the means taken by government to improve pay and way of life of needy individuals in Malaysia so as to diminish destitution. The greater part of Malaysian doesn't mindful of it. Commercialization is the primary reason did by government to draw in more individuals include in this gainful part. Moreover, I likewise incorporate the difficulties looked by ranchers in shrimp cultivating. 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This examination is endeavored to make a further investig ation of the impacts of corporate greed of tiger shrimp cultivating towards economy of Merbok. The goals of study are: To examine on how and how far has the aquaculture business brought to progress in the economy improvement of Merbok, Kedah. To contemplate the interest and flexibly of tiger shrimp when commercialization. To research the administration intercession to improve this industry as one of significant industry in Merbok, Kedah. To examine the job aquaculture industry in expanding the way of life of ranchers, graduates and so forth.

Alternative Medicine - Med School Application Essay EDITED

Altered EssayMy hesitance in regards to conventional medication doesn't result from need of experienceindeed, I have invested such a great amount of energy in clinics during my life that I am very acquainted with customary medicines. Brought into the world with different inherent imperfections, my life has been a haze of heart, thoracic, and gastrointestinal medical procedures, and by the age of five, I was as acquainted with accepting prescription as I was with eating cornflakes.Without denying the generous advantages I have gotten from my medications, I in any case accept that the upkeep of wellbeing depends as much upon the advancement of health as it does upon the fighting of infection. This is an exercise I have gained from my fatherly grandparents. Significantly more established than my maternal grandparents, my dads guardians consistently appeared to be young and vivacious. They practiced normally, ate a fair eating routine, utilized elective treatments, and had a lot of satis faction in their lives. On the other hand, my maternal grandparents appeared to be driven by a practically horrible fixation on malady. Despite the fact that they looked for forceful Western clinical medications, my maternal grandparents at last spent on fifteen years back, while my fatherly set are as yet having sound existences into their nineties.Since my mom raised me, her convictions directed my own social insurance medicines. We didn't think about any elective treatments to help with my youth sicknesses; all the alleviation I got accompanied a remedy. At the point when I set off for college and turned out to be sick once more, I concluded that it was the ideal opportunity for me to have a go at something new. I went to my fatherly grandparents for exhortation, getting some information about home grown medicines, sustenance, and way of life. She urged me to peruse increasingly about oriental medication and look past my manifestations to the more profound underlying drivers of m y ailment. In the long run, through a mix of natural enhancements and dietary and way of life transforms, I had the option to wean myself from an eating routine of remedies and bit by bit discover balance in my health.Unfortunately, such information didn't go to my mom. A couple of years after my clinical revelation, she was determined to have an immune system malady of obscure etiology. In spite of my encouraging that she examine health based treatment, my mom responded to her disease similarly her folks had responded to theirs: by overlooking it. A couple of more years passed, and she created fibromyalgia. Determined to have a similar obscure immune system malady, my moms sisters discovered alleviation in needle therapy and yoga, however my mom went to medical procedure to treat her agony. Shockingly, medical procedure couldn't facilitate her torment, and my mom despite everything experienced unquestionably more uneasiness than her sisters.While I perceive that recounted informati on is by definition uncertain, I in any case have enough close to home and familial involvement in ailment to be a firm adherent to the intensity of elective treatments to significantly improve people groups lives. Customary Western medication positively has its place, yet a people job in effectively dealing with their own wellbeing can't be denied. Wellbeing isn't something that can be underestimated, and for me, the obligation of keeping up wellbeing comes to past thinking about myself.Over the previous two years, I have confronted the hardest trial of my feelings via thinking about a dear companion who endures with HIV. Spending numerous hours close by, I have perceived how the mix of oriental medication with customary Western pharmaceuticals has done something amazing in helping him keep up his imperativeness. Investing energy with him in the emergency clinic, I have rubbed his muscles to calm myalgias and furnished him with the ethical help that is urgent to successful recupera tion. This experience has hardened my enthusiasm for elective medications, and I can't envision an all the more satisfying and merciful approach to go through my time on earth than by advancing the health of others.Customers Comments is awesome! My editors reactions to my messages were expeditious and unbelievably intensive. Her alters included a lot of shading and an incredible stream to my paper. I cherished the manner in which she explained my thoughts so breathtakingly. She is a talented editorial manager. I am unquestionably going to look for her administrations as I chip away at my secondaries.CritiqueDear Jane,I read your exposition with incredible intrigue. Plainly you have encountered a lot and that you have formed exceptional experiences into wellbeing and disease. In spite of the worry you communicated about your absence of involvement in elective medicines, I feel that you have something that is considerably more importantthe knowledge and intelligence that will permit y ou to turn into a sympathetic healer.Your exposition was very acceptable. The most significant changes I made were taking care of your language, evacuating pointless sections, and rebuilding your paper to improve its stream. Utilizing a sequential structure in your exposition enables the peruser to comprehend the advancement of your ideas.Overall, my altering looked to refine your portrayals so as to make your paper considerably additionally spellbinding and persuading. All in all, I kept up the essential structure of your sections yet rolled out numerous improvements at the sentence level. I rethought a few sections that sounded ungainly, differed jargon, amended spelling botches, balanced sentence structure and accentuation, and abbreviated a portion of your passages.The following are explicit remarks on the individual sections of your essay:Paragraph 1This is the most significant passage of the piece. It establishes the pace and snares the perusers intrigue. Your unique first pas sage suggested your work understanding, comparing the adequacy of Western and elective medication. This is a fine methodology, however you have a substantially more convincing detailthe story of your own illnessthat could delineate your point significantly more adequately. Here is my recommendation for an option introduction:My hesitance in regards to customary medication doesn't result from need of experienceindeed, I have invested such a great amount of energy in emergency clinics during my life that I am very acquainted with conventional medicines. Brought into the world with different innate deformities, my life has been a haze of cardiovascular, thoracic, and gastrointestinal medical procedures, and by the age of five, I was as acquainted with accepting medicine as I was with eating cornflakes.This new presentation is short and brief, yet in addition very compelling.Also, if it's not too much trouble note that quite certain subtleties draw in the peruser and secure his advantag e. For example, you should attempt to maintain a strategic distance from too much broad sentences like, Much of my initial life was spent in medical clinics and keeping in mind that the activities I experienced amended different inherent deformities; I was continually ill.What inborn imperfections did you have? Your perusers will be keen on knowing this detail, especially if your imperfections have a place with a known disorder. What medical procedures did you have? I speculated cardiovascular, thoracic, and GI medical procedures since these are normal medical procedures for intrinsic anomalies. If you don't mind make certain to supplant these subtleties with medical procedures that apply to you.The rest of the first section contained data that you managed later, so I excluded this data so as to keep away from redundancy.Paragraph 2I incorporated the subtleties of this passage into the reexamined presentation. In an article this short, it isn't important to commit whole passages to changes. Perceive how I have smoothed out your plans to progress all the more quickly between the first and second paragraphs.Paragraphs 3 4I consolidated these two passages since the last fills in as a ground-breaking prologue to the former.Be sure to maintain a strategic distance from dreary sentences in your composition. For example, the accompanying two sentences are excess: It turned out to be obvious to me that I expected to look past side effects. I expected to work in reverse to get to the conceivable root causes.Instead of rehashing the expression, I required, I rather fallen this sentence to: She urged me to peruse progressively about oriental medication and look past my side effects to the more profound main drivers of my illness.Paragraph 5This section was commonly compelling, yet it required a couple of basic modifications. In portraying your moms analysis with an immune system malady, you can't precisely say that she confronted her own mortality except if you give more detail. Individuals for the most part face their own mortality in auto collisions or when gone up against with perilous diseases. You don't give the peruser enough detail to comprehend why your moms immune system infection was so compromising, particularly since you state that her wellbeing turned out to be more terrible when she created fibromyalgia. This sickness, while weakening, is surely not life-threatening.Another nit-particular point: don't utilize citations in formal expositions except if you are straightforwardly citing someones discourse. Likewise, the clinical term would be obscure etiology, not pathology (you would utilize pathology to portray a tissue biopsy, not a clinical analysis). This is certainly not a serious deal, however it is a great idea to be accurate.The rest of this passage was extraordinary. You manufactured a staggering case for elective treatments and for your choice to seek after a profession in this kind of healing.In aggregate, I taken care of this section with the goal that it now reads:Unfortunately, such information didn't go to my mom. A couple of years after my clinical revelation, she was determined to have an immune system illness of obscure etiology. In spite of my asking that she explore wellbeing based treatment, my mom responded to her ailment similarly her folks had responded toward theirs: by overlooking it. A couple of more years passed, and she created fibromyalgia. Determined to have a similar obscure immune system malady, my moms sisters discovered help in needle therapy and yoga, however my mom went to medical procedure to treat her torment. Lamentably, not even medical procedure could facilitate her misery, and my mom despite everything experienced definitely more uneasiness than her sisters.Paragraph 6I recommended some significant applied changes to this passage. While you put forth an extraordinary defense for the estimation of elective treatments, you ought not limit the value of customary medication in side and out. Rather, I propose demonstrating how your enthusiasm for elective treatments is predic

Aromatherapy Scents for Stress Relief

Aromatherapy Scents for Stress Relief May 31, 2019 JGI/Tom Grill Blend Images/Getty Images More in Stress Management Management Techniques Relaxation Physical Techniques Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Aromatherapy has been shown to carry many benefits in terms of wellness and stress relief. A lavender sachet next to your bed or the smell of a scented candle can do wonders for relieving stress  and help you unwind from your day. Studies have shown that aromatherapy does indeed have an effect on brainwaves and can alter behavior.  Not all scents are created equal, nor do they affect human physiology and behavior in the same ways. Rosemary, lavender and the other scents listed below are the most  popular aromatherapy scents used for stress relief. Within each description, look at their effects and suggestions on how to make the most of them, so you can match the right scent with your aromatherapy needs. Rosemary Rosemary is associated with feelings of contentment. It’s been shown to have positive effects on performance and mood. Rosemary has also demonstrated the ability to reduce cortisol levels. This means that rosemary aromatherapy can be a good choice for de-stressing during the day when there is still work to be done. The Health Benefits of Rosemary Lavender Lavender is associated with feelings of contentment, improved cognitive performance (some measures), and mood. It has also shown other mild sedative and calming effects. Lavender has been shown to reduce cortisol levels. It can soothe babies and new mothers alike and promote positive mother-infant interactions. Lavender is often used to promote sleep in infants and deep sleep in men and women.  This can be a great choice for anyone trying to relax for sleep or feel more calm and relaxed during the day. The Health Benefits of Lavender Essential Oil Peppermint Peppermint aromatherapy has been found to increase memory and alertness. It can provide a great pick-me-up for too-tired and too-busy people, stressed students, and the overworked. The Healing Power of Peppermint Ylang-Ylang Ylang-ylang has actually been found to decrease alertness, slightly lengthen processing speed, and impair memory. It has also been found to promote calmness and reduce stress, making it a good option for unwinding and de-stressing at the end of a long day. How to Use Ylang Ylang Essential Oil for Health Lemon Some research has shown that lemon oil may possess anti-depressant-type effects. It is a good choice for stress relief and mood enhancement as well. Lemon Essential Oil Common Uses and Side Effects Benefits of Other Scents If there’s a scent that you like that isn’t on this list, that doesn’t necessarily mean that it can’t be useful for stress relief. The simple fact that it’s pleasing to you can put you in a different mood, so why not conduct your own research?  If it seems to work for you, then by all means, use it. If you find that its effects are not what you’d hoped for, there are plenty of other scents available. There are many scents that have been proven effective for relaxation, mood enhancement, alertness, deeper relaxation, and sleep, so you have many options from which to choose!

Movie Review Pretty Big Feet And The Story - 1406 Words

When talking about knowledge, the first response is: We have free education. When looking into classrooms, certainly, there is, at least one or two students are not paying attention. Does it mean when things that are given without paying any effort, it does not value? In society, there are a percentage of people living under the poverty line. Yes, under the poverty line. Here, in the movie - Pretty Big Feet and the story - â€Å"The Lesson†, taught an important class that is not ever taught in any classroom – to treasure what we have. The two stories were written ten years apart, but the biggest difference between the two was not the era, but the group of children. In both the stories, they share a similar theme of trying to help a group of†¦show more content†¦The children can hardly get water to use, not to mention having a proper school with proper teacher to get education from. The only teacher they can have is Ms. Zhang, a young widow who loses her husband and her baby boy in two accidents, and she herself was not very educated (Yang). But these children appreciate and treasure the knowledge given by the two teachers, and the most adorable things is that the relationship between the teachers and the children were so close, even closer than mother and son. Comparing the two stories, there is an important figure to compare of – the teacher. In both the story and the movie, the teacher took up a big part of the storyline. In â€Å"The Lesson†, Miss Moore, the teacher who â€Å"†¦moved on our block with nappy hair and proper speech and no makeup,† (Bambara 385) revealed with the words â€Å"proper speech† that she was an educated person. The description of the teacher appearance is alike with the teacher in the movie Pretty Big Feet. In Pretty Big Feet, the volunteer teacher who came from Beijing, Ms Xia first appeared with a fashionable all black, with no makeup (Yang). With education from a big city, Be ijing, she has proper speech as well. Both the teachers shared a common of educated, and chose to move to a rather poorer district to live in. Miss Moore had no clear purpose on educating the kids; she did it all for killing time with education to the kids in the neighborhood. Differently, Ms Xia went to Shanxi

The Justifications Of The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And...

The justifications of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been continuously debated since the time of occurrence. The variety of approaches towards the topic often times lead to ambiguous conclusions that leave debaters dumbfounded. Primarily, there are two moral reasonings that analysts of the event utilize: the utilitarian approach and ethical tradition. The utilitarian approach determines the goodness or evil of an action by its consequences (Holt). It has been said that this approach led the United States to reduce innocents to instruments and morality to arithmetic during World War II (Holt). By contrast, ethical tradition rooting from Judeo-Christian theology holds that some actions cannot be justified by their consequences, rather they are absolutely forbidden (Holt). The problem is, however, that this absolutist morality is difficult to apply to war. This tradition does hold attacking a military target knowing some innocents will die as a side effect as permissible (Holt). The utilitarian approach tends to support the decision to use the atomic bombs when the consequences are believed to be believed to be beneficial towards the nation’s interest. Ethical tradition tends to view the use of atomic bombs as an atrocious action of the United States. A viewpoint that mediates between the two approaches, however, is given the circumstances of World War II in 1945, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki can be excused but not justified. Truman’sShow MoreRelatedWas Bombing Hiroshima and Nagasaki Necessary to End World War 2?1650 Words   |  7 Pagesof an atomic bomb landing over Hiroshima and Nagasaki to finalize the war. To this day there is still controversy that if that atomic bomb was actually necessary to end the war, because of the number of innocent casualties suffered from the Japanese. The aim of this investigation is to answer the question: To what extent was the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary to end the war with Japan? To answer this question, the investigation will need to determine if there was justification for thisRead MoreThe Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki2142 Words   |  9 PagesThe horrific atom bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan on August 6th and 9th of 1945 brought about several reactions in the United States. Starting with the controversial events leading up to the atomic with the Potsdam Proclamation, many Americans began to wonder whether the total destru ction of these two cities were necessary. However, immediate American responses and reactions to the bombs were contrary to what they became later on. Americans slowly stopped being ignorant of what had happenedRead MoreOn August 6, 1945, The United States Of America Dropped1173 Words   |  5 Pages On August 6, 1945, the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your vantage point. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of American lives. Until then, the fight had neverRead MoreThe Debate Over The Atomic Bomb On Hiroshima And Nagasaki1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe debate over the impact of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki concerns the ethical, legal a nd military controversies surrounding the United States atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This tragedy occurred on two occasions; the 6th and the 9th of August 1945, and signified the conclusion of the Second World War, 1939-1945. There were many questionable motives involved in the event, as such a decision required moral certainty. Proceeding the bombings, the terms of surrender for theRead MoreThe Hiroshima Attack On September 6th Failed1458 Words   |  6 Pages Truman estimated a potential loss of 500,000 lives; he saw the bombs will completely destroy Japan s power to create war...† (Harry S. Truman, 1945) The Hiroshima attack on August 6th failed to be decisive: Japan did not surrender, nor did it seemed pressured by the nuclear attack, according to the U.S. (Harry S. Truman, 1945) Nagasaki was considered vital, because it was a major harbour, a densely populated area and residential to a lucrative trade industry, namely, Mitsubishi manufacturingRead MoreShould We Have Dropped The Atomic Bomb?1180 Words   |  5 PagesShould we have dropped the atomic bomb? On August 6, 1945, the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your vantage point. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it saved thousands of AmericanRead MoreShould The Us Dropped Atomic Bombs On Japan?1183 Words   |  5 PagesShould the US dropped atomic bombs on Japan? By- Daniel Hernandez On August 6, 1945, the United States of America dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. For decades, there have been feuds relating to the justification of the bombing. Was the U.S justified? It depends on your opinion. The United States was justified due to the unprovoked attack and bombing of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, which occurred three years prior to the bombing of Hiroshima, it was necessary to stop the war because it savedRead MoreThe United States Was Justified For The Attack Of Hiroshima Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pagesattack to Hiroshima, Japan. The nuclear bomb was made in the south western for the sake of the United States under top mystery conditions. The Manhattan Project was constructed by Dr. Robert Oppenheimer who was a German Jew that fled from the Nazi party. For a long time, the Germans and Americans were in a race to finish the bomb first. It was viewed as a stupendous achievement when on July 1945, in the New Mexico betray, the primary nuclear bomb exploded in a trial. On August 6, 1945, an atomic bombRead MoreIb History Internal Assessment : The Bombings Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki2418 Words   |  10 PagesThe Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Research Question- To What Extent were the Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Necessary to end World War II? Word Count: 2,192 Section 1: Identification and Evaluation of Sources Source #1 - Emperor Showa’s address This document, a written version of the Japanese Emperor’s radio address to announce his intention to surrender to the Allies in 1945, is valuable source when analyzing the necessity of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki becauseRead MoreAround Seventy Eight Years Ago, World War Two Was Inevitable997 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween the United States and the Soviet Union. World War Two’s legacy includes The Holocaust, the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and the first use of atomic bombs. The United States’ use of the first atomic bombs has great complications, however the act is justified because of Japan’s reluctance to surrender, the amount of casualties saved, and resources that were not wasted on either side. By dropping the atomic bombs, the U.S forced a surrender from Japan which it had previously ignored. According to Gwynne

Psychological Causes of Depression Free Essays

Psychological Causes of Depression The actual causes of depression are still unknown today but there are a few theories that could help explain them. It is widely believed by psychologists and scientists that all mental disorders are brought about by a complex correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problem, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any unwelcome life change can ignite a depressive disorder (Psychologyinfo. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Causes of Depression or any similar topic only for you Order Now om). Depression is a serious disorder in the United States and has only become more prevalent among individuals as their lives become more stressful and overwhelming. One theory for the cause of depression is the bio-psycho-social model of causation and is the most commonly recognized theory for the cause of disorders such as depression by professionals. As stated earlier, it consists of a complicated correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. This can be caused by fluctuated levels of hormones, which would explain why many people first experience depression during puberty. (Grohol, 2006). The exact causes of depression are vast and unknown. Some types of depression have been found in families from generation to generation, which may possibly suggest that it can be inherited (Grohol, 2006). With that said, major depression seems to be present generation after generation, in some families, but not with a frequency that suggests clear biological causes. Furthermore, it also occurs in people who have no family history of depression (Psychologyinfo. com). This is also found in people with bipolar disorder. A study on family members that belong to particular families of each generation that develop bipolar disorders, has found that those with the illness have a somewhat different genetic makeup than those who do not have the disorder. Nonetheless, not everybody with the genetic makeup that is subjective to bipolar disorder will contract the disorder. Additional factors such as stresses at home, work, or school, are also involved in the disorder’s onset (depression-guide. com. , et al. ). An assortment of psychological factors appears to play a part in the susceptibility to these unrelenting types of depression. People who have low self-esteem, are not optimistic, and readily overwhelmed by stress, are prone to depression (Grohol, 2006). More than likely, these psychological factors are completely accountable for other forms of mild and moderate depression, particularly reactive depression. Reactive depression is generally diagnosed as an adjustment disorder during treatment. Social learning factors also demonstrate why psychological complications appear to occur more regularly in family members, throughout generations. For example, if a child is raised in a pessimistic household, in which discouragement is frequent and encouragement is not, the child will establish a vulnerability to depression as well. (Psychologyinfo. com. , et al). Recently, researchers have found that physical changes in the body can be paired with psychological changes as well. Medical ailments such as a cancer, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, heart attack, and hormonal disorders can bring about a depressive illness. This can result in the ill person to feel unconcerned with their health and be unwilling to further care for their physical needs. In addition, any stressful change, financial problems, relationship problems, or serious loss can activate a depressive affair (Grohol, 2006). Depression is a serious growing problem in the United States. Modern science and research is slowly helping to further decipher the disorder to help slow its growth. Over 9. 2 million Americans have major or clinical depression. At an economical standpoint, depression is a major problem and needs to be accounted for, with an estimated $30. 4 billion spent annually on depression related treatments, medication, and diagnostics. Surprisingly, the World Health Organization estimates by the year 2020, depression will be the number two cause of, â€Å"lost years of healthy living,† worldwide. As our populations keeps rising and our economy worsening, we can only hope that Psychologists help diminish the illness of depression. References â€Å"Cause of Depression: different causes of depression. † Depression Treatment, Medication, Help, Symptoms: Anxiety Attacks Depression Test, Types, ADHD Causes. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . â€Å"Causes of depression. † Psychology Information Online. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . Grohol, John M. â€Å"The Causes of Depression | Psych Central. † Psych Central – Trusted information in mental health and psychology. 6 Dec. 2006. Web. 14 Nov. 2009. . How to cite Psychological Causes of Depression, Essay examples

Reliability and Validity Matrix free essay sample

For each of the tests of reliability and validity listed on the matrix, prepare a 50-100-word description of the type of reliability/validity, its purpose and under what conditions these types of reliability and validity would be used as well as when they would be inappropriate. Then, prepare a 50-100-word description of each test’s strengths and a 50-100-word description of each test’s weaknesses. TEST of |Description, Purpose, Application and |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Reliability |Appropriateness | | | |Inter-item |Â  Inter-item consistency is the parallel of all |Â  Test score calculations are more|Â  Inter-item consistency cannot | |Consistency |items on a scale calculated from one trial of a |accurate and clear when there is |measure intelligence or personality. | |test. It is used in assessing how consistent |a lot of consistency. Inter item |If the items are not homogenous with| | |various raters and observers are of the same |consistency is great at measuring |the same difficulty and length, it | | |phenomenon. We will write a custom essay sample on Reliability and Validity Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When asking questions to research an |if a test is reliable and |would be ineffective determining | | |idea this test can assess the response of the |consistent based on the length or|internal consistency. Even the | | |test-taker against the idea. Different questions |shortness of a test. The |Spearman-Brown formula would fail. | | |that test the same idea give consistent results. |inter-item consistency test can |Inter-item consistency works best on| | |This is appropriate for example, in testing |show reliability over a period of|tests that are whole-test and long | | |employee performance at different times over a |time. On the flip side, errors |in length rather than half-test uses| | |period of time. Employers can use this to determine|among items can be broken down |or short test. | | |if an employee is eligible for a raise or |and new ones can be added to | | | |promotion. |reach a reliability measurement. | |Split-half |Â  Split-half reliability randomly divides all items |Â  Split-half reliability has its |Â  It is not wise to divide a test in | | |that mean to measure the same idea into two sets. |strength in being efficient and |half straight down the middle | | |When it is difficult to measure reliability with |less tedious for test-takers than|because the content and difficulty | | |two test or perform a test two times, split half |the parallel form. It measures |of questions will not be distributed| | |reliability is suitable. It is appropriate with |internal consistency well. It |evenly. Many intermediary variables | | |uneven random assignment splits need to be |also can check middle variables |are created such as fatigue during | | |measured. It also can be used to create a small |that may cause an error in the |the second half of the test. | |parallel form of the same test. |analysis since the both portions |Deviations in difficulty and | | |Â   |of the test are taken at one |subjects of the items on the first | | |Â   |time. |part of the test compared to the | | | | |second part. |Test/retest |Â  Test-Retest reliability is about taking the same |Â  Test-retest is strong in |Â  Test-retest reliability is weak in | | |test with the same people and two different times |reliability because the results |that the roots of an idea being | | |to measure how stable an idea is over time. If an |measure an individuals reaction |t ested can alter over time. It would| | |idea being measured is supposed to change over a |time and perceived judgment. Such|produce sensitive results that make | | |period then the scores would vary. It is |traits are stagnant and do not |the score of reliability appear | | |inappropriate when measuring for example, computer |change a lot over time and are |lower than the actual measurement. | |skills of college students. A series of lessons |not sensitive to many intervening|For example, a college student may | | |about computers would be on the first and second |variables. |have excellent skills when assessed | | |test, then the test would show variance because of | |on using a HP computer but when | | |the education provided to all testtakers. |assessed on a MAC they could fail or| | |Â   | |when assessed on a computer from 15 | | |Â   | |years ago, they could falter. | |Parallel and |Â  Parallel and alternate forms that test reliability|Â  It helps in determining what |Â  Parallel and alternate forms are | |alternate forms |use many occurrences of the same test items at two |questions are best to ask. It |very time consuming, cost a lot of | | |separate times with the same test-takers. It is |measures the center idea through |money and bring fatigue for the | | |appropriate in measuring traits that are stagnant |different variations on the same |test-taker because of the many | | |over a long period of time and not effective when |test item. The reliability of a |changers of the same test questions | | |measuring limited emotions or anxiety levels. |test increases when similar |over and over. These forms are not | | |Parallel forms can be done with another form such |scores are on the same question |dependable to measure an idea that | | |as split-half. |on many tests. |can alter over time. The tests can | | |Â   | |be taken months or even years apart | | |Â   | |causing intervening variables to | | |Â   | |impact the scores creating error | | | | |variance. |Test of Validity |Description, Application and Appropriateness |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Face validity |Â  Face validity describes the particular view of a |Â  Face validity’s strength is that|Â  A weakness for face validity is its| | |test-taker on the test’s validity. The measurement |a test taker has confidence in |inability to measure validity. A | | |is not about the quantity of the actual validity |the validity of the test and is |test may look like it’s valid but | | |but the test taker’s perception of the tests’ |more comfortable taking the test |not possess good ideas, long enough | | |validity. It is appropriate when measuring the |or passing out the test to be |time, or be taken in a good | | |confidence of a test taker. It measures what it is |taken. Otherwise, the test would |environment. | | |supposed to measure. |be invalid. | | | |Â   | | | | |Â   | | | | |Â   | | | |Â   | | | |Content validity |Â  Content validity is useful to test designers who |Â  Strength for content validity |Â  A pitfall for content validity is | | |need to create test questions that match the |lies in that it can work in |potentially new material is prey to | | |material being tested. It is appropriate for |reverse from job responsibilities|culture and linear changes. The | | |college professors on a final exam. It is |to what is required for the job. |questions can have different answers| | |ineffective for a test designer who wants new |First the questions must cover |in different fields of the world at | | |people to have the same strengths as current |what needs to be performed the |different times. The items on the | | |employees. |duties of the job, then a process|test have to be accurate all the way| | |Â   |to evaluate what an employee |around. | |Â   |contributes to a position | | | |Â   | | | | |Â   | | | |Criterion related |Â  This method, criterion related validity, is very |Â  A positive for criterion-related|Â  A negative about the criterion | | |strong in confirming validity. It is used to verify|validity is it can validate a |related validity is that it can | | |criteria on a test and represent what is really in |test score. Using methods outside|contaminate the results. In the same| | |the trial of test-takers who are tested. A group of|of the test to prove that the |way it can measure and diagnose a | | |people, who have lost everything they owned from a |information on the test covers |personality disorder like | | |natural disaster like a tornado, may all be |the subject matter that is |schizophrenia, a panel of | | |diagnosed as depressed. If they all are tested |supposed to be covered. It is |psychiatrists would use the test | | |using new questions and all score high for |more objective and verifiable |criterion and validity to measure. | | |depression, then the test has proven validity. |that the previous methods and is | | | |Â   |a favorite. | | |Â   | | | | |Â   | | | | |Â   | | | |Construct |Â  Other smaller types of validity are under |Â  A strength for construct |Â  A weakness for construct validity | | |construct validity. This is appropriate when a test|validity is the steps used to |is there is no single idea or it is | | |needs to measure an idea like intelligence or |verify an idea follow a |too vague. The results of the test | | |anxiety. It is ineffective when an idea is not |particular scientific method. |will not be able to be measured | | |clear or covers to broad a spectrum. |First a hypothesis is created, |accurately. The validity of the test| | |Â   |then a prediction is made and |on the idea will have no substance | | |Â   |then the results are measured. |or definition. | |Â   |The predictions are based on | | | |Â   |facts and the test is used to see| | | |Â   |if the prediction is true. If it | | | |Â   |is not true then the test | | | | |questions or idea may have to be | | | | |reviewed. | |