Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom Essay

Designing and Managing the Early Childhood Classroom - Essay Example †¦the physical classroom you are given by your administrator. However what you do with that space says a great deal about you as a professional. Parents and the administrators may take their first impressions of you from your classroom before you have an opportunity to speak with them (6). A good classroom is one in which you can see the learning areas clearly when you walk into the room†¦you are in control of the traffic pattern in your classroom. The traffic pattern refers to the places on the room throughout which the children and the teachers will move. The traffic pattern sets the tone of the room just as much as the wall decorations can, and it will likewise set the tone for activities and behaviors throughout the day(6). It is sound research that the first five years of a child’s life are the formative education and learning experiences for the child concerned. The preschool years are important in impacting in an appreciable way the rest of the life of the child. Therefore, the provision of nothing but the best for our coming generations is a must. The purpose of all the stake holders must be to provide the most enriching environment possible. This is directed related by the preschool curriculum. Teachers teaching at this early level need to be well trained not only in teaching but many other aspects as well. Moreover the environment is to be absolutely fool-proof. No splinters that can ignite fire and no jaded edges that can rip through the flesh. The space does not count but the way it is utilized does. The classroom must have a theme. What I propose is the four seasons. The beauty of the thematic settings highlights and sets a tone, in addition it provides ample space for psychological, sociological, psychiatric and physical needs of the growing child. Winter, Fall, Spring and Summer. For the birth to pre k things like temperature

Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing Essay Example for Free

Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing Essay Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing are fishing methods used by hobbyist to catch fish. Both types are considered as Angling. Angling is a type of fishing that uses angles or a hook. Anglers are considered as fishers who have intent on releasing their catch in the water. According to Central Fisheries Board of Ireland (2007), the waters were anglers fish have the rule where catch and release rule are enforced. II. Difference of Fly Fishing and Spin Fishing There are several differences that can be seen between both methods. Fly fishing is a method where artificial flies are used and attached to the hook to imitate naturally occurring food. These artificial flies are tied out of materials such as fur and feather. Spin Fishing is a method where a spin fishing tackle is used to catch fish. a. Rods and Fishing Lines Used According to Flyfishingbasics. com (2007), rods that are used for fly-fishing is generally light and the lines are heavy. The lines are heavy because these provide the weight and momentum for casting. On the other hand, Fishsa.com (2007) explains that the rod for spin-fishing is used as a lever to fling the weight of the lure. Comparing both methods, the fly fishing method uses the weight of the line to carry the fly to the fish while the spin fishing uses the weight of the lure to pull the line out of the reel. Casting method for flyfishing is harder as compared to spinfishing according to flysa. com (2007). b. Fishing Equipment Fly Fishing uses a fly rod, a reel and a line. The baits that the fly fishing angler uses are artificial flies. These flies depends on the user of the rod. There are different types of flies. These are streamers, dry flies, wet flies and poppers. Streamers are long and skinny and these flies sink and looks like a baitfish. Dry Flies are flies that float. Wet Flies are flies that sink and lastly, poppers are floating flies that are made out of cork. These flies can be bought from the fishing stores or they can be made using fly tying techniques. Fly Tying is considered as another different type of hobby that is used to make artificial flies. Differentiating spin fishing, this method also has a rod and a reel, however, this method uses live lures. The lures that an angler uses depends on the type of fish that the angler wants to catch. Worms and Insect Larva is used to catch bluegill or sunfish. Worms, nightcrawlers, and stinkbaits are used for Catfish. Minnows and worms are for Crappie. Minnows and nightcrawlers are for Bass. Worms, corn and doughballs are for carp and lastly the trouts are catched using worms and minnows. c. Economic Value Evaluating both methods, Fly fishing is a more expensive method than Spin Fishing. According to Flyfishingbasics. com (2007), a fly rod, reel and line combo costs at around $60 to $120 and flies costs at around $1 to $5 per piece. Spin fishing rod and Reel costs at around $10 to $20 and baits costs at around $1 to $3 per dozen and the prepared baits are from $1. 50 to $4. 50 per dozen. As a conclusion, it seems that spin fishing is more practical as compared to the fly-fishing. Since casting is easier to learn for spin fishing and the baits used for spin fishing is much cheaper than the fly-fishing. It is therefore easier to recommend spin fishing for beginners because it is easier to learn. REFERENCES Central Fisheries Board, 2000. Catch and Release for Atlantic Salmon. Retrieved last October 31, 2007 from Central Fisheries Board of Ireland. Website: http://www. cfb. ie/fishing_in_ireland/CatchandRelease. htm Fly Fishing Basics. 2003. Fly Fishing. Retrieved last October 31, 2007. From Fly Fishing Basics. com. Website: http://www. flyfishingbasics. com/casting. html# Fish South Australia. 1996. Spin Fishing. Retrieved last October 31, 2007 From FishSA. com. Website: http://www. fishsa. com/spinfsng. php

Women As Victims Feminist Theories Sociology Essay

Women As Victims Feminist Theories Sociology Essay The feminist theory is based on the woman description, their human experience, and the crisis they face in the patriarchal society. It seeks social change in stopping the neglect and women subordination. In this regard, the experiences of women in the society are at the center of feminist theory. Most feminist theory believe that gender is a central component of life, and effects women in different ways and it should be well addressed in the various aspects of life. Patriarchy is an ideology that the society is under the rule and domination of the males ideas. In that view, society has laid structure and values that subordinate the women. The concept of patriarchy first is based on the value of male status achievement. It argues that males hold the high status roles. In this regard, women are in a lower positions either in responsibility or production , and they appear inferior to men. This form of patriarchy leads women powerless in determining the course of their lives. It leaves a considerable number of women vulnerable to domestic violence. The status inferred to them subjects them to suffering. In the book, Saving Bernice: Battered Women, Welfare, and Poverty, Bernice, an actual client of Jody Rapheal, suffers under the welfare institution, which abuses her. She is victimized in an attempt to liberate herself and children from the experience of battering. She faces numerous problems in an attempt to free herself from the batterer. Feminists hold that the patriarchal values, which have taken roots in the society, are responsible for the victimization of women. They hold that these values and cultural practices have subjected many women to suffering and victimization through domestic violence. The value of male dominance in patriarchy is also argued to play a significant role in the suffering of women. Feminists believe, dominance resides in males, and women have faced it in order to get their way. In lewd of this everything is male thought based which gives men power because women circumstances are not a consideration in some aspects of life which makes it hard for females. This has given men the way to be heavily involved in domestic violence and continue it. The sufferings of Bernice, an actual client of Jody Rapheal, in the book, Saving Bernice: Battered Women, Welfare, and Poverty, can be viewed as a product of patrichary , which subjects her to suffering as she seeks to free herself from domestic violence. The author notes that, domestic violence causes the victim to be vulnerable to the welfare bureaucracy. The author also talks about hurdles her client Bernice had to face to escape the abuse she faced. The text brings out clearly the many hurdles that women of the day face to escape, and be self-sufficient. As discussed in the slides, under feminist analysis, the society has reinforced patriarchy. This has led to women being denied the power of decision-making. This may be the reason responsible for the sufferings of women in society The slides also present the feminist view that many societies have had problems in defining woman battering as a crime problem. This form of context paves a way for the male dominant gender to have more power, and liberty to engage in this criminal behavior. The feminists theories view social institutions, such as family, job, churches, and other to be responsible for maintaining violence. As discussed in slides, the liberal feminists advocate for women to engage in the labor market as opposed to taking dominance in traditional roles of childcare. Notably, they feel that the traditional family as a social unit has subjected many women to suffering through women dominance in childcare, and the violence that takes place in the family. The slide on Marxist feminist argues that womens labor is reproductive and not productive; therefore, not creating surplus value because of their reproduction ability. According to Marist feminist capitalism is the evil. In capitalist nations, women are abused whenever they are deemed as reproduction tools to produce the labor for the next generation. The slide on radical feminism equally portrays a number of practices, which are practiced in the social institutions, such as, family, relationship and child rearing. Radical feminists argue that male power has been reinforced through numerous practices maintained by these institutions. The slide also mentions the practices of housework, marriage, child rearing involving women. As a result of this women end up abused by these institutions, by being allowed and sometimes must to take on some of the practices in certain ways, which subordinates them to their male counterparts. Feminists believe, the social patterns and institutions in the society play a critical role in affecting the efforts of women to seek to free themselves and their children from social and physical oppression. Social institutions such as the family and home matters maintained within the structures of patriarchy are said to affect the lives of women. This is because men establish the norms and values and beliefs in these social institutions. In addition, laws are as well established by men, which makes it harder for women to leave their violent partners legally. For example, in class we discussed when women attack their violent partner in seemingly harsh ways when the abuse wasnt currently and physically happening to the male made legal system this would be murder and not a act of self defense and survival. (Tandon 2008 p.123). In conclusion, the role of patriarchy in controlling women in society, and its influence on the domestic violence is very complex. social institutions encourage as well as sustain violence against women. Whether it be because of gender inequality, a view of liberal feminist. Economic class and their role in production and reproduction, which is a Marist view or lastly which in my opinion it is the most accurate and should not be view as radical because the word radical is viewed unconsciously negatively most of the time that male power is exercised through social intuitions, and jobs women general have in a family setting. However I dont not think all men are responsible of this but rather the system that was made by men by not meant to be it primary job condones difference between male and female ideas which eradiate hurdles that female have to make all of which is just an indirect outcome that was not foreseen.

Common Foreign & Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union :: Politics Government Europe Essays

The sovereign nations of the past can no longer solve the problems of the present; they cannot ensure their own progress or control their own future. The essential thing is to hold fast to the few fixed principles that have guided us since the beginning: gradually to create among Europeans the broadest common interest, served by common democratic institutions to which the necessary sovereignty has been delegated.  ¨CJean Monnet, Memoirs In his book After Victory, John Ikenberry examines what states do with the power that comes after winning major wars. He believes the desire to maintain power encourages the states to seek ways to limit their own power to keep other states happy. Increasingly these limits are found in international institutions used to create  ¡Ã‚ °strategic restraint ¡Ã‚ ± on power. Ikenberry believes increasing reliance upon institutions causes the postwar order to increasingly take on constitutional characteristics. In this paper I am primarily interested in the institutions of the European Union. More specifically I would like to examine the European Union ¡Ã‚ ¯s struggle to develop its own institutions for maintaining international order. These are collectively known as its Common Foreign and Security Policy. Europe's Collective Security The Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) of the European Union (EU) was officially established by the Maastricht Treaty and became operational in 1993. However, the European Union has been concerned about collective security since its humble beginnings as an experiment in integrated economy in post-World War II Europe. After the conclusion of World War II, Europe as well as the rest of the world struggled to determine what Germany ¡Ã‚ ¯s future should be. Some nations wanted to strip Germany of its industry and turn the entire country into farmland. Fortunately, there were those with the foresight to realize the only way to keep Europe safe was to rebuild Germany and work together to build a European Community. These men included Robert Schuman, Konrad Adenauer and Jean Monnet. Their vision of Europe was one where individual nations would share some of their sovereignty in exchange for a chance for peace. According to Pascal Fontaine,  ¡Ã‚ °success depended on limiting objectives to specific areas, with a major psychological impact, and introducing a joint decision-making mechanism which would gradually be given additional responsibilities. ¡Ã‚ ± The first area that was chosen for Franco-German integration was steel and coal production. European Coal and Steel Community

Marketing management assignment Essay

Executive Summary The culture to eating chocolate has certainly evolved over the years in Singapore. A beautiful box of nicely wrapped chocolate was no longer appealing to Singaporeans, especially those whom are born after the 1980s and later. People of this generation go for chocolates that not only taste good but also look good. Therefore Godiva Gems would have to evaluate the markets and use certain strategies to cater their best to certain groups of customers. The strategy introduce was Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning. Foremost, I would introduce the 4 different types of segmentation of the consumer’s market; in the situation of Godiva gems the demographic segmentation seems to be the best choice to segment the market. By segmenting the consumer’s market into chocolate lovers and non-chocolate lovers, which would be further, break down the segment of chocolate lovers into smaller segments through differentiation. Therefore Godiva Chocolate Company will only concentrate on 2 segments as my target. They are the teenagers especially the students and children from the age group of 4 to 7. I would also include the reasons as to why these segments are more penetrable in my point of view. To add on, Positioning is about finding the best way to convince a consumer that their want could be a need. Next I would move on to marketing mix of Godiva Gems. In product strategies, I would use value added method to cater to the different preference of my targeted audiences, by producing two different sets of Godiva Gems to satisfy two different groups of people. In my place strategies, I chose to place Godiva Gems nearer to my target audience to give them the convenience of buying luxury chocolate in the neighbourhood area. In the price strategy, I chose to use the market penetration pricing method to cut off competition and attract as many buyers as possible; follow by the different pricing for chocolates catering to different targets. Lastly, in my promotion strategy, I chose the rational approach on Godiva Gems, follow by the reasons which I think rational approach is the best way to appeal to my target consumers. Chocolate Culture in Singapore The chocolate trend in Singapore is slowly changing over the years. In the past, a box of fine chocolates would still work fine as a gift for occasions. Lately, it’s no longer necessary to buy a beautifully gift-wrapped box of assorted chocolates anymore. With the advent of gourmet quality, chocolates in recent years have made consumers buying them not only for their taste and also for their designs. For instance, the Godiva chocolates are one of the many luxurious chocolates around, and it has always been the best choice as gifts for special occasions. The Godiva chocolate company realized that people love to share chocolates in general. Therefore people go for the individual wrapped offerings like the Lindor Truffle, as they are more attracting. Marketing Strategies – Segmentation By market segmentation, it means that companies divide large heterogeneous markets into smaller segments so as to reach out to people in certain segments more efficiently and effectively with products and services that match their needs. Segmentation goes by four different categories; they are Geographic Segmentation, Demographic Segmentation, Psychographic Segmentation and Behavioral Segmentation. I would use Demographic Segmentation to divide the chocolate market for Godiva Gems. Demographic Segmentation is to divide the market into groups bases of variables, things like race, gender, age, income are some common factors which are popular which people are normally group. This is because the needs and wants of people are closely related to the demographic variables. In addition, the needs and wants of people may vary due to trend influences and the situations they are in. In the situation of Godiva Gems, I would divide the consumer market into 2 big segments; there are the chocolate lovers and the non-chocolate lovers. Assuming there more chocolate lovers than the non-chocolate lovers, therefore further division of the segment is needed to bring the large segment into smaller segments. Marketing Strategies – Targeting and Positioning After division and evaluation of the market segments, the next step targeting is very important. This is because a company only has limited amount of resources therefore has to decide which and how many segments to venture into. Each smaller segment is different and Godiva Chocolate Company needs to work on these differences to best position itself in the consumer’s market. Positioning simply means to find a stand in the heart and mind of every targeted consumer. It is also express as differentiating the competitive advantages in the smaller segments, by choosing the right advantage that would benefit the company which to build a position in the consumer’s market. For instance, the teenagers- students segment and the Children segment each has their own unique differences between them. Therefore the smaller segments that Godiva Gems would be targeting are the young working adult couples and the large families with children. Teenagers – Students Segment Godiva Gems chose to target on teenagers especially the students between the ages of 13 to 16 holding an monthly allowance of $300 to $800, because this group of teenagers generally are outgoing and fun, they gather with friends and get involve with many activities, even though they have minimum purchasing power, they would consider buying luxury chocolate to eat because of peer influence and brand conscious. For instance, when a secondary school student walks into the school eating luxury chocolate, other peers may get envious or jealous and would start to look for one as well. Therefore Godiva Gems could cater to the needs and wants of this group of teenagers because the chocolates would be pack in individual wraps, which can be carried around easily and share around with friends. Young Children Segment Next, Godiva Gems could also target on the children at the age of 4 to 6 with parent holding an annual income of $24000 to $36000. Children in general love candies; chocolate would be one of their favorites. Parent would buy chocolates for their children just to make their children happy. Furthermore, children at the age of 4 to 6 share very close bond to their parent. This is where the Godiva Gems could play a part in creating the family bonding and bring joy and happiness to families by simply eating chocolates together. As Godiva Gems comes in individual wraps, bringing it out on family activities is the best choice. Next I would move on to another strategy known as the Marketing Mix. Marketing Mix Marketing Mix are sets of controllable, tactical marketing tools that a firm uses to create the kind of response which they want from their targeted market and it consists of four different strategies and they are the product strategies, the price strategies, the promotion strategies and lastly the promotion strategies Product Strategies In the market, people in general favor products that are highly available and affordable. In order to achieve the results that Godiva Gems wanted, the comparison made through observation of other chocolate product purchase by consumers would tell the company where Godiva Chocolate stands; in addition it also reveals the competitive advantages of Godiva Gems. Product strategies work in many ways. For instance, surveys could be given out to the targeted audiences in order to capture their preferences towards chocolate. This way, the firm could analysis the external environment and know what the consumers like best. For example, Children in the age group of 4 to 6 would like their chocolate in different patterns and colors while the students in the age of 13 to 16 might focus more on the taste and brand of the chocolate. Therefore Godiva Gems could work towards the preferences of the targeted market. The preferences of the targeted audience create the value add to Godiva Gems. Godiva Gems would come out with many patterns and colors coated chocolates to suit the children market and different types of chocolate tastes to cater to the students. In addition, a crew of dedicated sales personnel would be value added aspect to marketing a product. This is because people in general buy the goods along with the services therefore people do concern over the manner which they were being treated and serve. The same should apply to Godiva Gems. In a nut shell, Godiva Gems have to achieve the needs of the targeted market, at the same time the service standards, which the chocolate is sold, must also be excellent. Godiva Gems should portray the image of luxury chocolate at an affordable price. Place Strategies Place strategies are about finding the right place to distribute your product. Hence, Singapore is a very small market compared to almost all countries in the world and almost all luxury chocolates could only be found in the places like shopping centers, museums and the National airport of Singapore. No doubt, many people go to places like the orchard road on weekends but the shopping centers are mostly filled with young adults. My target audiences are students and Children, Student at the age of 13 to 16 would most likely spend their time in the tuition centers and having school curriculum activities, they may not have the time to go out shopping. Furthermore, Children with the age of 4 to 6 are mostly likely to spend their weekends with the grandparents, playing at the playground while the parents go out to do their shopping. To reach out to these groups of people, Godiva Gems has come out with the strategy by walking into the neighbourhood. Godiva Gems aim to set up high-end chocolate shops in the estates to sell affordable luxury chocolate because the targeted audience can now get them around the corner. Godiva Gems could open the first high-end chocolate shop at one of the old estates, like Bedok. These estates have the most housing flats and neighbourhood schools. Price Strategies Since the targeted audiences are in the neighbourhood, the pricing of the chocolate must be affordable and not pricey. Firstly, I would use the Market penetration pricing strategy on Godiva Gems. Firstly, Godiva Gems is using a new product to enter into a new market; it needs to attract a large number of buyers as quickly as possible. Secondly, Godiva Gems selling at low prices could keep the competition, of other brands of chocolate, out of the market. Therefore, the company could price Godiva Gems that caters to children at the age of 4 to 6 in two different style; they can be sold at $30 per pack with 20 pieces of random individual wraps or children can choose among the chocolates from the lower shelving, on these lower shelving are each individual wrap chocolate with different design and color at the cost at $1.50. In this manner Godiva Gems are made affordable to parents, of young children, in the neighbourhood. In comparison, Godiva Gems that cater to students would be pack differently from the children pack and could be found at the higher shelving in the shop. The chocolates for the students come in boxes with 20 sticks of individual wrap chocolate at $40. In this way, Godiva Gems is made affordable to the students. Promotion Strategies Promotion Strategies are tool in helping the firm to get the message content across to attract the target audience to purchase the product. As my target audiences are the students and the parents of young children, I think the most suitable would be the rational approach. This is because, the rational approach relates to the audiences’ self-interest. The best way to attract the students and Children to get to know Godiva Gems is by giving out Samples. On this hand, the opening of a high-end chocolate shop located in the neighbourhood would definitely attract curiosity from the public. At this moment, the sales personnel would welcome the people outside of the shop to sample Godiva Gems. Godiva Gems would succeed when people purchase after they sample because it will mean the consumers like the taste of the chocolate. On the other hand, promotion strategy also works another way. For instance Godiva Gems could do opening ceremony sale promotion to attract consumers to buy the products. The products can be package in bundle and sell at different price. References Kaplan Study Guide for Marketing Management Extra Readings Don Sexton. and Donald Trump (2006) Trump University Marketing 101: how to use the most powerful ideas in marketing to get more customers. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken Philip Kotler. and Gary Armstrong (2009) Principles of Marketing 13 ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.a

Free Essays on DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGERS

DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGER’S Have you ever thought that if there were no drugs how the world would look like? How nice our societies would have been, and a lot many people would not have died because of drug addiction. Everybody knows that taking any kind of drug such as heroin, marijuana, alcohol etc. is a bad habit and is injurious to health, but still a lot of people could be seen using drugs every where. All parents want and try their best to keep their children away from drugs. Despite their entire efforts still one can see children getting into the bad and dangerous habit of taking drugs. As drugs have a very bad effect on health, once people start to use drugs they will have to face some serious health problems. For example, use of Cocaine has been the main cause of a number of medical problems, such as, heart failures, seizures, and strokes. There can be many causes for teenagers to start taking drugs, but the most important causes are, getting inspired after looking at the parents who take drugs, being pressurizes by the friends who take drugs, and to relive their stress. Firstly, parents who take drugs in front of their children become the main reason for many children to also start using drugs. They get inspired by their own parents and think it to be something good and also start to take. For example, the parents have always been the ideal of the children and they always want and try to copy them. When they see their parents taking drugs they think it’s something good and as they grew up they also start to do the same. The parents need to realize that sometimes teenagers are going to experiment in ways their elders do. Its is very important for the parents that if at all, they have this bad habit they show avoid taking it in front of their teen age children. Try to make the teenagers understand the damages one can have because of taking drugs. If your child shows the desire to take drugs, don’t come down too hard on ... Free Essays on DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGER'S Free Essays on DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGER'S DRUG ABUSE IN TEENAGER’S Have you ever thought that if there were no drugs how the world would look like? How nice our societies would have been, and a lot many people would not have died because of drug addiction. Everybody knows that taking any kind of drug such as heroin, marijuana, alcohol etc. is a bad habit and is injurious to health, but still a lot of people could be seen using drugs every where. All parents want and try their best to keep their children away from drugs. Despite their entire efforts still one can see children getting into the bad and dangerous habit of taking drugs. As drugs have a very bad effect on health, once people start to use drugs they will have to face some serious health problems. For example, use of Cocaine has been the main cause of a number of medical problems, such as, heart failures, seizures, and strokes. There can be many causes for teenagers to start taking drugs, but the most important causes are, getting inspired after looking at the parents who take drugs, being pressurizes by the friends who take drugs, and to relive their stress. Firstly, parents who take drugs in front of their children become the main reason for many children to also start using drugs. They get inspired by their own parents and think it to be something good and also start to take. For example, the parents have always been the ideal of the children and they always want and try to copy them. When they see their parents taking drugs they think it’s something good and as they grew up they also start to do the same. The parents need to realize that sometimes teenagers are going to experiment in ways their elders do. Its is very important for the parents that if at all, they have this bad habit they show avoid taking it in front of their teen age children. Try to make the teenagers understand the damages one can have because of taking drugs. If your child shows the desire to take drugs, don’t come down too hard on ...

s Advice To America

Machiavelli’s Advice to America Leaders of the world are not just a regular breed of individuals. In present days, the United States citizens elect representatives through a very precautious procedure; people know if the wrong person were to get into office they could cause a downfall of a nation. Not all of Machiavelli’s principles of a leader are strongly practiced in today’s world, yet when revised many compare incredibly to the way the American government is governed. In The Qualities of the Prince, Machiavelli discusses a number of traits that he believes a prince or ruler of his time must have to be safe, successful, and loved by his people. Machiavelli believed in exploring both sides of an issue, â€Å"the art of war and the art of life, liberality and stinginess, cruelty and clemency, the fox and the lion† (36). Most of his instances have something to do with war, he is very repetitive in many of his believed traits and he stands firm with them by giving many examples. By reading The Qualities of a Prince it is very easy to assume that Machiavelli was brilliant in his thoughts during his time, this leaves one to ponder the thought of how successful these traits would be in modern American politics. Americans elect leaders with certain distinct qualities, Machiavelli’s beliefs on leaders characteristics don’t totally relate to our expectations. He does mention that he doesn’t recommend tyranny, meaning one ruler have all the power or use it too his advantage. In American government there are no tyrants, all the power is distributed into branches where decisions are made on agreement on that of which will help the American people the most. The majority of Machivelli’s characteristics of a good leader would not get a man elected in the United States, in his time that wasn’t applicable because you were born a leader. Machiavelli wrote of it to be good to be generous but said that a reputation of it w... 's Advice To America Free Essays on Machiavelli\'s Advice To America Machiavelli’s Advice to America Leaders of the world are not just a regular breed of individuals. In present days, the United States citizens elect representatives through a very precautious procedure; people know if the wrong person were to get into office they could cause a downfall of a nation. Not all of Machiavelli’s principles of a leader are strongly practiced in today’s world, yet when revised many compare incredibly to the way the American government is governed. In The Qualities of the Prince, Machiavelli discusses a number of traits that he believes a prince or ruler of his time must have to be safe, successful, and loved by his people. Machiavelli believed in exploring both sides of an issue, â€Å"the art of war and the art of life, liberality and stinginess, cruelty and clemency, the fox and the lion† (36). Most of his instances have something to do with war, he is very repetitive in many of his believed traits and he stands firm with them by giving many examples. By reading The Qualities of a Prince it is very easy to assume that Machiavelli was brilliant in his thoughts during his time, this leaves one to ponder the thought of how successful these traits would be in modern American politics. Americans elect leaders with certain distinct qualities, Machiavelli’s beliefs on leaders characteristics don’t totally relate to our expectations. He does mention that he doesn’t recommend tyranny, meaning one ruler have all the power or use it too his advantage. In American government there are no tyrants, all the power is distributed into branches where decisions are made on agreement on that of which will help the American people the most. The majority of Machivelli’s characteristics of a good leader would not get a man elected in the United States, in his time that wasn’t applicable because you were born a leader. Machiavelli wrote of it to be good to be generous but said that a reputation of it w...

The Appeal to (Irrelevant) Authority (Logical Fallacy)

The Appeal to (Irrelevant) Authority (Logical Fallacy) The appeal to (false or irrelevant) authority  is a  fallacy in which a rhetor  (public speaker or writer) seeks to persuade an audience not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for the famous. Also known as ipse dixit and ad verecundiam, which means he himself said it and argument to modesty or respect respectively, appeals to authority rely entirely upon the trust the audience has as a speakers integrity and expertise on the matter at hand. As W.L. Reese puts it in Dictionary of Philosophy and Religion, though, not every  appeal to authority  commits this fallacy, but every appeal to an authority with respect to matters outside his special province commits the fallacy. Essentially, what he means here is that although not all appeals to authority are fallacies, most are - especially by rhetors with no authority on the topic of discussion. The Art of Deception Manipulation of the general public has been a tool of politicians, religious leaders and marketing experts alike for centuries, utilizing appeal to authority often to support their causes with little to no evidence for doing so. Instead, these figureheads use the art of deception to leverage their fame and recognition as a means to validate their claims.   Have you ever wondered why actors like Luke Wilson endorse ATT as Americas largest wireless phone coverage provider or why Jennifer Aniston appears in Aveeno skincare commercials to say its the best product on the shelves? Marketing firms often hire the most famous A-list celebrities to promote their products for the sole purpose of using their appeal to authority to convince their fans that the product they endorse is worth buying. As Seth Stevenson posits in his 2009 Slate article Indie Sweethearts Pitching Products, Luke Wilsons role in these ATT ads is straight-up spokesman - the [ads] are horribly misleading. The Political Con Game As a result, it is important for audiences and consumers, especially in the political spectrum, to be doubly aware of the logical fallacy of merely trusting someone on their appeal to authority. In order to discern truth in these situations, the first step, then, would be to determine what level of expertise the rhetor has in the field of conversation.   For instance, the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, often cites no evidence in his tweets condemning everyone from political opponents and celebrities to supposed illegal voters in the general election. On November 27, 2016, he famously tweeted In addition to winning the Electoral College in a landslide, I won the popular vote if you deduct the millions of people who voted illegally. However, no evidence exists that verify this claim, which only sought to alter public opinion of his opponent Hillary Clintons 3,000,000-vote lead over him in the popular vote count of the 2016 U.S. election, calling her victory illegitimate.   Questioning Expertise This is certainly not unique to Trump - in fact, a large majority of politicians, especially while in public forums and on-the-spot television interviews, use an appeal to authority when facts and evidence are not readily available. Even criminals on trial will use this tactic to attempt to appeal to the empathetic human nature of the jury in order to sway their opinion despite contradictory evidence.   As Joel Rudinow and Vincent E. Barry put it in the 6th edition of Invitation to Critical Thinking, no one is an expert on everything, and therefore no one can be trusted on their appeal to authority every time. The pair comment that whenever an appeal to authority is introduced, it is wise to be aware of the area of expertise of any given authority - and to be mindful of the relevance of that particular area of expertise to the issue under discussion. Essentially, in every case of appeals to authority, be mindful of those tricky appeals to irrelevant authority - just because the speaker is famous, doesnt mean he or she knows anything real about what theyre saying.

The Burst of the Bubble Called Internet Research Proposal

The Burst of the Bubble Called Internet - Research Proposal Example After several years since its release to the hands of the private and public sectors, it has created a worldwide sensation most especially to the business sectors. This event is called the internet bubble. The internet bubble or sometimes called dot-com bubble was a historical event which became so much blatant during the kick off of the new millennium. It was marked by the creation of groups of internet companies which failed to last for a lengthier time. Because of the wide popularity of the internet, the tremendous increase of stocks, individual speculation in stocks, and easy access on venture capitals were the most significant factors which contributed to the bursting of the internet bubble. Because of these factors, many internet companies disregarded the codes of ethics in business, standard business models and the like; rather, they gave focus on catching more internet users into their sites and increasing their market shares. This system, however, failed and brought about th e hiatus on development during the commencement of the new millennium. Online businesses suffered the long drawn out recession in terms of development. Many online ventures and businesses disappeared from the online map and halted from pursuing their business careers. What were the major causes that contributed to the burst of this... The vast number of online companies paved the way to heavy competition between them. They move in and invest in a faster manner with less caution, therefore, taking more risks in doing so. Furthermore, the low rates of interest added up to the increase of start-up capitals which motivated many to engage themselves in this kind of business. The worst part of this is that even though these companies have potentially good ideas and concepts regarding their business, they also failed in doing so because the dot-com concept is still new in the market. The notion of these investors is that they could get more than what they have given so what they did was spend and invest hoping that it would pay-off a hundredfold. But unfortunately, time proved them false because instead, they had a pretty big loss and during that time, they only relied on venture capitals and initial public offerings (Spector, 2000).

Conceptual Theoretical Frameworks Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conceptual Theoretical Frameworks - Dissertation Example These factors can be broadly classified as curricular, institutional, political as well as economic, and social ones. Besides these listed factors, some of the factors that led to the increase in the number of nontraditional students are the existence of evening and weekend programs and even the existence of various courses that were taught in central locations and shopping malls. The political forces that emerged from the victory during the era of the World War II further facilitated the enrollment growth. The term nontraditional students refer to any learner in an institution of higher learning that hails from any part of the country that is from either urban or rural areas and the learner can be of any race and can be of any social state. According to Stewart and Rue (1983), nontraditional student can be defined as any learner who happens to be 25 years old or even more. However, this definition has been disputed by other authors and the reason for the dispute is the fact that the use of age is not satisfactory for the determination of the term nontraditional. Traditional students, on the other hand, can be referred to as learners that fall within an age bracket of 18 and 24 years and are attending college full time as well as residing in colleges. The difference between nontraditional and traditional students can, therefore, lie in the age, college attendance, and their residence. Structure of the Conceptual Model The conceptual model proposed by Bean and Metzner (1985) indicates that decisions involving dropouts basically rely on four variables, and these variables are background and defining variables, academic variables, environmental variables, and an intention to persist variable. Background and defining variables primarily concern various educational goals and the performance from high schools. Academic variables concern the performance, and the students with a low performance are expected to drop out of school at a higher rate compared to the student s with a higher performance. The third variable is environmental, and these variables are concerned with direct effects on the various decisions of dropping out of school (Tinto, 1975). Finally, the fourth variable is the intent to persist variable; and this variable is primarily affected by various psychological outcomes as well as various academic variables. The various variables are related through direct and indirect effects though the indirect effects can be easily calculated and testing of the resultant statistical significance brought about by these effects can be carried out. In the model, the various paths can be estimated using common convention that is capable of calculating both indirect and direct effects for each variable, which is independent, and the result is the greatest effect that is the sum of indirect and direct effects. A larger proportion of undergraduate student population is composed of commuter students, and the trends in the enrollment of these commuter s tudents are expected to increase because of the decrease in the number of the traditional age. The rate of attrition of nontraditional students is high, and commuter students generally take up the gaps left by these students. Community Retention Model According to Stahl and Pavel (1992), the community retention model had a lot of emphasis on two-year college nontraditional students, and the aspects of social integration were eliminated, and this elimination was due to the construct for two-year college nontraditional student decision persistence. The model has four variables, a

Nanowire Battery Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nanowire Battery - Research Paper Example The basic electrodes in a lithium ion battery are modified by nanotechnology to improve the performance. This article intends to discuss the objectives of the nanowire battery technology. The basic features and the technology behind these batteries are discussed along with their advantages. Finally, the challenges and applications of Nano wire batteries are presented. Introduction The speed of operation of the present generation computers, other electronic gadgets and even electric cars are increasing at an exponential rate. This presents a demand for equivalent high capacity batteries to power them with high charging and discharging rate. The batteries that power the high speed devices like laptops, mobile phones, video games and even electric cars lack these characteristics due to chemical constraints. The traditional Lithium-ion batteries transfer lithium ions from carbon anode to a metal oxide cathode. As the number of lithium ion held by one carbon ion is only one, the charge de nsity in these batteries is low. On the other hand, the Silicon anode has the capability to hold 4.4 lithium ions in one silicon atom. Scientists at the Stanford university (Chan. C.K. , Zhang. X. F. & Cui Y. , 2008) have explored the use of Silicon and Germanium nanowires for improved battery energy. This article intends to explore the technological insights of this Nano Wire battery technology. Objectives The existing rechargeable batteries are limited in electrical charge density as well as lifetime. The popular Lithium ion batteries used in portable electronic gadgets and cars have lithiated graphite as anode, LiPF6 as the electrolyte and the LiCoO2 as cathode. Their major disadvantages are high production cost and lack of resources like Co for mass production. The new Nano wire battery technology, aims at eliminating the drawbacks in this Lithium ion batteries. The major objectives of this technology are to use cathodes and anodes with materials of higher energy density and to optimize the design of the batteries for higher performance. Features and Advantages The anodes used in nanowire battery were made of Silicon and Germanium nanowires (chan et al. , 2008 ). Since Silicon has low discharge potential and charge capacity of 4200 mAh/g, it is more preferred than Germanium which has a theoretical charge capacity of 1600 mAh/g. The following Figure. 1. shows the nanowires of Silicon grown on the electrodes. Figure. 1. Silicon Nano wires grown on the electrodes. The potential advantages of the Nano Wire design are high surface to volume ratio which enables more electrode contact with the electrolyte, they provide continuous conduction of electrons within the electrode and finally, due to the fibrous design they are good in facile strain relaxation. These anodes of Silicon nanowire have ten times more storage capacity compared to the existing carbon anodes. The most critical parameter for the safe operation of a battery is the Solid – Electrode - Inte rface (SEI). In nanowire batteries, the SEI formation is more when there is Lithium insertion into Silicon layers. The SEI in Silicon nanowire batteries has an inner layer of inorganic lithium compound and an outer layer of organic lithium compound. Also the voltage dependence of the SEI morphology, allows more cycles of charging and discharging. The analysis of the impedance level of these batteries shows that the impedance is due to both the process of diffusion and the

Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration Essay

Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration - Essay Example The latter encompassing a birth certificate of citizenship, but one that is subject to disfranchisement by cultural values and traditions. French Muslims, especially the young first and second generation, felt themselves trapped within the bounds of a cultural tradition from which they remained markedly separated from because of their place of birth, and a social environment that ostracized them because of their cultural traditions. The Columbia Journalism Review reported that â€Å"Many French watched the television news reports of last year’s riots in the suburbs of Paris with a sense of non-recognition, as though the chiaroscuro footage of hooded figures and burning cars was being relayed from a country thousands of miles away (Harding, 2006).† This would be the French response, since the French stand indignant at the public displays of social maladies that rise to the surface of the press in other countries on a regular basis, always quick to offer their criticism of a lack of diversity. This is in part what has contributed to the world’s perception of France as being liberal and progressive in its own response to cultural diversity. However, now the world watched as suburbs within just minutes of Paris burned and private property was being destroyed. Journalist Jeremy Harding commented, â€Å"It was hard to connect the barrage of news images with the streets, the projects, and the peo ple I was seeing with my own eyes, on the margins of a capital plunged into anxiety by almost a month of unrest that had spread to many of France’s provisional cities (Harding, 2006).† This was a very empathetic reporting, but the problem it poses, the question it raises, is why were French citizens unaware of the conditions in which the protesters were living, and unaware of the disparity in services and employment that they experienced as compared to the same services

Success of Hollywood Films despite Restrictive Conditions Essay

Success of Hollywood Films despite Restrictive Conditions - Essay Example In response, Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association drafted a production movie code that censors material viewed as morally unfit. Despite this censorship, restrictions of the Production code (1930-1968) and HUAC political pressures, highly artistic and regarded films such as On the Waterfront, Citizen, and Scarface were produced. Films formulated in accordance with specific genres were produced at the height of Hollywood studio system’s commercial and artistic success. The success of these films is not an anomaly. The restrictive production code created a platform for creativity and art that prospered films of this era to success (Rosenbaum, 1998). The gangster genre established itself in the beginning of the 1930’s. Howard Hawks’s Scarface (1932) was far more powerful than many others. The popularity of gangster and horror pictures was a reason for concern for the Motion-Picture Producers and Distributors Association and the Catholic Legion of De cency. Therefore, a Production Code was formulated forbidding excessive cinematic violence and sex scenes. The most crucial film of the decade was Citizen Kane. It success was due to its stylized lighting, deep-focus photography, and overlapping dialogue among other valuable techniques. It is one of America’s most significant contributions to the development of the movie industry. Despite several restrictions by the Production Code, the movie was one of the best in the period (Rosenbaum, 1998). Films such as Scarface presented antagonists in a favorable light; making heroes out of everyday villains. The Production Code reinforced and redefined the American cinema in the 1930’s. The basis was that every form of art should have it laws, and if the laws are surpassed, the art is recognized as something different. The Code introduced strict rules for film producers to abide by. This highly affected the manner in which Hollywood narratives were structured, and it is evidenc ed by films which were re-released in order to abide by the Production Code. Scarface provided the first significant test of the new Production Code. It attracted the attention of Will Hays, the chief censor of the time. It was a typical gangster film that focused on the gangster life of Tony, and his rise and fall. The original film portrayed Tony in a favorable light throughout the film; thus there were concerns that the film glorified the gangster culture. The code demanded the unsympathetic portrayal of Tony and minimal detail be shown of the brutal crimes. In accordance with the general principles of plot laid down, Scarface violated the principle that no plot theme should openly side with evil and be against good. It also went against the principle that suggests that, in a plot, evil should not be presented alluringly (Code, 1934). In order to show how concerning and serious the gangster culture was, the Code demanded that certain scenes be eliminated. The title was altered, a nd a prologue added that suggests to the audience that Scarface is against the gangster culture. An entirely new scene was also incorporated into Scarface to address the Code’s concerns over people confronting the newspaper publisher, angered by the publicity gangsters received from the press. A technique that ensured the success of films at this time is the idea of the audience being active readers. In Scarface, scenes that hinted at Tony’

Rize-Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rize-Film Critique - Essay Example The setting and the effects used are accurate too. The scenes are moving and the characters express the right emotions when needed. For example, Tommy the Clown adjusts his expressions to make them hilarious for kids. This serves to show the relevance of the film. The social message, the authenticity of the dance moves and the accuracy of the setting make this film a commendable effort. There are several negative aspects of the film. One concerns the strip dancing routine. This raises a concern considering that there is a scene where preteen girls and dancers affiliated with strict Christian faith perform it. The speed and exaggeration of the dance moves could come out to some viewers as unrealistic too. Nevertheless, the negatives of this film are overwhelmed by the appealing views of this film. In conclusion, Rize is a very appealing and energetic film. It elicits high levels of amazement and interest in the viewer. The film director, David LaChapelle, shows his talent by making a captivating, accurate and a socially relatable film. The characters are instrumental in making the film a success by executing the dance moves powerfully and in a synchronized manner. Tommy the Clown serves as the main character and pioneer of the clowning dance, a mixture of break dancing and simulated fighting. He showcases transformation from a convict to a positively influential person on the streets through his unique form of dancing. The dance moves are fast but very real. This enhances the authenticity of the film.

Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration Essay

Social and Linguistic aspects of immigration - Essay Example The latter encompassing a birth certificate of citizenship, but one that is subject to disfranchisement by cultural values and traditions. French Muslims, especially the young first and second generation, felt themselves trapped within the bounds of a cultural tradition from which they remained markedly separated from because of their place of birth, and a social environment that ostracized them because of their cultural traditions. The Columbia Journalism Review reported that â€Å"Many French watched the television news reports of last year’s riots in the suburbs of Paris with a sense of non-recognition, as though the chiaroscuro footage of hooded figures and burning cars was being relayed from a country thousands of miles away (Harding, 2006).† This would be the French response, since the French stand indignant at the public displays of social maladies that rise to the surface of the press in other countries on a regular basis, always quick to offer their criticism of a lack of diversity. This is in part what has contributed to the world’s perception of France as being liberal and progressive in its own response to cultural diversity. However, now the world watched as suburbs within just minutes of Paris burned and private property was being destroyed. Journalist Jeremy Harding commented, â€Å"It was hard to connect the barrage of news images with the streets, the projects, and the peo ple I was seeing with my own eyes, on the margins of a capital plunged into anxiety by almost a month of unrest that had spread to many of France’s provisional cities (Harding, 2006).† This was a very empathetic reporting, but the problem it poses, the question it raises, is why were French citizens unaware of the conditions in which the protesters were living, and unaware of the disparity in services and employment that they experienced as compared to the same services

Rize-Film Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rize-Film Critique - Essay Example The setting and the effects used are accurate too. The scenes are moving and the characters express the right emotions when needed. For example, Tommy the Clown adjusts his expressions to make them hilarious for kids. This serves to show the relevance of the film. The social message, the authenticity of the dance moves and the accuracy of the setting make this film a commendable effort. There are several negative aspects of the film. One concerns the strip dancing routine. This raises a concern considering that there is a scene where preteen girls and dancers affiliated with strict Christian faith perform it. The speed and exaggeration of the dance moves could come out to some viewers as unrealistic too. Nevertheless, the negatives of this film are overwhelmed by the appealing views of this film. In conclusion, Rize is a very appealing and energetic film. It elicits high levels of amazement and interest in the viewer. The film director, David LaChapelle, shows his talent by making a captivating, accurate and a socially relatable film. The characters are instrumental in making the film a success by executing the dance moves powerfully and in a synchronized manner. Tommy the Clown serves as the main character and pioneer of the clowning dance, a mixture of break dancing and simulated fighting. He showcases transformation from a convict to a positively influential person on the streets through his unique form of dancing. The dance moves are fast but very real. This enhances the authenticity of the film.

Relativistic Theory of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Relativistic Theory of Ethics Essay One relativistic theory of ethics is situationism. Situationism (also known as situation ethics) was devised by Joseph Fletcher, who was strongly against absolutist theories for instance; legalism and also disliked how religions were taught implying there were some rules that could never be broken, as he thought these rules are too demanding and restrictive. He then created this theory of situation ethics which is seen as the ‘mid way’ because it lies between antinomianism and legalism. Antinomianism is very anti law whilst legalism emphasises the important of law. However, situationism lies between the two as Fletcher was very enthused by making a decision on individual situations. Situation ethics maintains that it’s the consequences of actions which determine whether an action is right or wrong, so it is very much a consequentialist position. Situationists enter each decision making situation with ethical maxims of their community and culture, each they treat with respect. Fletcher proposed that not only the situation guides an individual on what they should do but also the principle of agape (love). In Fletcher’s book he suggests that Christians should make the right choices without blindly following rules but rather by thinking for themselves. Decisions should be made on the sole basis of one rule – agape. Such love involves doing the best thing possible for the other party involved. So maxims could be ignored if they don’t serve agape, for example if a priest is presented by a young lady who is having underage promiscuous sex, the right thing to do would be to insist the young lady uses contraception. This is because the most loving thing to do for the other person is to ensure she is safe. For the situationist the rule of agape is always right. Fletcher created 4 working principles which outlined how situation ethics works. The first one is pragmatism, which states that what you propose must work in practice. Second is relativism, so Fletcher eliminates words like ‘always’, ‘never’, and ‘absolute’. He states there are no objective rules but all decisions must be relative to agape. Thirdly is positivism, which states a value judgement needs to be made, giving the first place to love. Finally – personalism, people are put in first place; morality is personal and not centred on laws, this emphasises the idea that morality is relative to situations. Fletcher put forward 6 propositions which also aid the theory. The first proposition is â€Å"only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love; nothing else at all† Thus, only love is good in itself; action aren’t intrinsically good or evil. Instead they are good or evil dependent on whether they promote the most loving result. Fletcher rejects any statements like â€Å"Adultery is wrong† as the circumstances are always different, and sometimes it may be right for adultery to take place. The second proposition is â€Å"the ruling norm of Christian decision is love, nothing else† Fletcher claims Jesus replaced the Torah with love, also the Ten Commandments are not absolute even Jesus broke them when love demanded it. Love replaces law. The third proposition is that justice will follow from love, because ‘justice is love distributed’. If love is put into practice it can only result in justice. Fourth is that love has no favourites and does not give whom we like preferential treatment. â€Å"Love wills the neighbour’s whether we like him or not† The fifth fundamental principle, love must be the final end, not a means to an end. For Fletcher, the end must be the most loving result. Finally the sixth proposition is that the most loving thing to do will depend on the situation and since situations differ, you can’t say an action will be right in every situation. Fletcher, the good result is that which serves agape love best. Any action that leads to that end is right.

The Important Pursuit Of Marine Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay

The Important Pursuit Of Marine Conservation Environmental Sciences Essay Oceans and seas cover 70% of the worlds surface and are of critical importance economically, environmentally and socially. As an island nation, the UK coasts around 7500 miles of coast line and a wealth of marine biodiversity. The marine environment around England is extremely rich and diverse. England has some of the finest marine wildlife in Europe. Englands seas contain amazing underwater landscapes and  over 10,000 species, including many of national and European importance. For example, England has more underwater chalk reefs than anywhere else in Europe. We have some surprising species such as sea fans, solitary corals, sea horses, sharks and dolphins as well as many types of fish and invertebrates. The seas around England contain an important part of our wildlife. Some 50% of the variety of our species is found in the sea, in an area that is three times the land area. The geology of the seabed around England is rich and varied, ranging from rocky granite reefs to mobile sandbanks. It is this variety of seabed type, coupled with the influence of colder Arctic and warmer Mediterranean waters around our shores, those results in the diverse range of marine species and habitats in our seas. In this project will focus on looking into: How climate change affect the potential production for fisheries resources, and how it will affect in the future compared to past and present scenarios, in the absence of utilization will estimate the added liability of these effects on national and regional economies in marine-dependent areas and on specific elements of marine system at different scales Future vulnerabilities of national economies (and globally) to determine the consequences of predicted marine scenarios, including affection of marine policies on all economic, environmental and social platforms Rationale Task 1: Explain why the topic you have chosen is frequently on the political agenda, stating why the issue is so controversial. The environment, as general topic, has been on the political agenda since the late 1960s. A human nature relationship connects to extraordinary diverse set of issues covered by environmental politics, which include marine conservation. The emergence of conservation and nature protection groups in the latter part of the nineteenth and the early twentieth countries, was the first signal of concern about environmental issues on political agenda, reflecting growing interest in the protection of wild life and natural resources. The marine environment is increasingly high up the policy and political agenda now and rightly so. The marine environment is so important on a political agenda because it is critical important part of our economic, environmental and social existence. It provides  a wide  variety of goods and services. Our seas supply us with many goods and services including: Climate regulation.  Our oceans regulate our climate by redistributing heat around the world.   Evaporation from the oceans forms the moisture that results in rain on land.   The plankton in their uppermost layers helps stimulate cloud formation due to the chemicals they naturally emit. This plays a crucial role in temperature regulation of our planet. Food sources.  The oceans provide food for hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Storing carbon.  Oceans act as the largest store of carbon on the planet, drawing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and trapping it. Energy.  We obtain oil and gas from under the sea bed. Offshore wind farms also provide a source of renewable energy, and waves and tides provide a further potential resource. Building materials.  We use marine aggregates such as sand and gravels as building materials. Transport.  The marine environment also links us to the rest of the world. In 2007 24.8 million passengers took international journeys by ship and UK ports handled 582 million tonnes (Mt) of freight traffic. Recreation.  Our seas and coasts provide a place for a wide variety of leisure activities from sailing and scuba diving to swimming and surfing. In 2007, we took over 20 million trips to the seaside in England.   Because our seas are wide supplier in many different ways its important to take care of such a source. Thats why is so hot topic on political agenda to save it, as it isnt in the best its form at the moment and continues to come under pressure from man, as we increasingly make use of its goods and services it provides. (http://www.naturalengland.org.uk/ourwork/marine/default.aspx) Task 2: Examine selective aspects of UK Governments Environmental policy from 1970, and state how environmental policy impacts on say housing or transportation. Englands marine environment is not as well understood or protected as the terrestrial environment. It requires particular attention and focus to develop the evidence, protection, sustainable use, understanding and appreciation of our seascapes and marine biodiversity. Englands seas are protected and managed in a number of ways: Legislation and policy The marine environment is protected through a variety of national and international legislation and policies. Divided in two levels European and national. Site protection Site protection is afforded though a number of designations. Together these will form a network of  Marine Protected Areas  Ã‚  Special Areas of Conservation  (SACs) under the Habitats Directive,  Special Protection Areas  for birds (under the Birds Directive),  SSSIs  which occasionally cover sub-tidal areas and in future  Marine Conservation Zones  under the Marine Bill. Management of activities Activities in the marine environment are regulated by a licensing regime and within European marine sites by the Habitats Regulations. Natural England advises developers and regulators on the environmental impact of activities. The  Marine and Coastal Access Bill  will include provisions for establishing a system of marine planning, a new  Marine Protected Area  designation, and fisheries management, marine licensing and establishing a new marine management organisation. England Biodiversity Strategy Natural England leads on the marine workstream of the England Biodiversity Strategy, which is responsible for ensuring delivering the marine  Biodiversity Action Plans. Through Marine Programme, DEFRA is working to improve the state of the UKs marine environment and fisheries and achieve our vision for clean, healthy, safe, productive and biologically diverse oceans and seas. The UK has an important sea fish industry with one of the largest fishing fleets and fish processing industries in Europe. Freshwater fisheries is also a major leisure industry in our rural areas. In the UK, Defra is the lead department for fisheries and plays a major role in EU and international negotiations, as well as in managing and implementing fisheries policy. Fish stocks are national and international resources that have to be husbanded sustainably. If we lose them from over-fishing, they may take many years to regenerate. We also have to protect all marine species from sea pollution which could wreck their ecology. Figure 5 Flow chart of capture (wild) and farmed fisheries products from aquatic primary production. Numbers refer to 1997 data and are in megatons (million metric tons) of fish. Thicker lines refer to direct flows of aquatic primary production through capture fisheries and aquaculture to humans. Thin lines refer to indirect and minor flows. Red lines indicate negative feedbacks on the aquatic production base. (Modified from Naylor et al. 2000) Figure Ecological links between intensive fish and shrimp aquaculture and capture fisheries. Thick blue lines refer to main flows from aquatic production base through fisheries and aquaculture to human consumption of seafood. Thin blue lines refer to other inputs needed for production (e.g., agro feed, fish meal, seed stock, etc.). Hatched red lines indicate negative feedbacks. (Modified from Naylor et al. 2000) This approach removes doubts as to what exploitation regulations will be put into practice in coming decades, and focuses on the added impacts that climate change is likely to cause, and on the subsequent additional risks and vulnerabilities to human societies. Legislation restricts fishermen in what and where they can fish. The most significant legislation with respect to fisheries s the European Union Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) but legislation on fisheries matters comes from three sources: The EU The Department for Environment , Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA), or Scottish Executive (SEERAD) in Scotland Sea Fisheries Committees for local legislation in England and Wales# There are around 280 ports, harbours and creeks around the UK where fish is landed, the major fishing ports in the UK in terms of value of fish landed are: Peterhead chiefly haddock, cod, monkfish, mackerel, nephrops, herring Lochinver blue ling, ling, nepherops Fraserburgh haddock, herring, mackerel, nephrops. Sources: Statistics of fish landings into ports in England, Wales and Northern Ireland by port 2001, Defra website. UK Seafood Industry Annual Statistics 2001, Sea fish. Scottish Fishery Harbour Background Study, Sea fish Policy and Economic Unit.

LIGHT BEER vs. FULL FLAVOR BEER :: essays research papers

There are always two sides to every argument. While both sides of any argument generally hold some truths, somewhere in the middle is where each side must meet, if only to agree to disagree. what it really comes down to is the perspective of the individual. The following perspective on this subject of light beer versus full flavor beer is an on-going argument that all beer drinkers have taken part in at one time or another. Once the truth had been discovered about light beer in this age of staying slim, many have traded in their full flavor beer for the light beer. One might bring into question the subject of such trivial importance, but one would think that if people cannot openly discuss a subject as trivial and inconsequential as beer, then how could they be expected to discuss something on a grander and more important scale such as child-welfare or the war in Iraq? The great thing about light beer is that it has the same amount of alcohol as full flavor beer, but it has less than half the calories of its counterpart. That in its self should be enough to persuade anyone. Light beer will not give one that bloated feeling nor does it send one to the restroom as much, which allows one to spend more time drinking his or her beer instead of the toilet drinking it. Full flavor beer is better than no beer at all and one would most certainly drink it if that is all that is available. Full flavor beer tends to leave people with hangovers that will last throughout the following day, while light beer rarely, if ever causes hangovers unless, those light beers have chased down a tequila shot, but then the hangover would have been caused by the tequila and not the light beer which, is the point that is being made.. With the advancement in brewing technology in the last five years, the mega-breweries have been able to produce a light beer with a more full bodied flavor without adding any additional calories. In fact, just recently Michelob has claimed to be able to produce a beer with one third fewer calories of light beer. They have appropriately named â€Å"Ultra†. Most would agree that is an amazing feat. Now that the reader has had a chance to view this subject from another perspective, surely they would agree that the advantages of drinking light beer far out-weigh the advantages of drinking a full flavor beer. LIGHT BEER vs. FULL FLAVOR BEER :: essays research papers There are always two sides to every argument. While both sides of any argument generally hold some truths, somewhere in the middle is where each side must meet, if only to agree to disagree. what it really comes down to is the perspective of the individual. The following perspective on this subject of light beer versus full flavor beer is an on-going argument that all beer drinkers have taken part in at one time or another. Once the truth had been discovered about light beer in this age of staying slim, many have traded in their full flavor beer for the light beer. One might bring into question the subject of such trivial importance, but one would think that if people cannot openly discuss a subject as trivial and inconsequential as beer, then how could they be expected to discuss something on a grander and more important scale such as child-welfare or the war in Iraq? The great thing about light beer is that it has the same amount of alcohol as full flavor beer, but it has less than half the calories of its counterpart. That in its self should be enough to persuade anyone. Light beer will not give one that bloated feeling nor does it send one to the restroom as much, which allows one to spend more time drinking his or her beer instead of the toilet drinking it. Full flavor beer is better than no beer at all and one would most certainly drink it if that is all that is available. Full flavor beer tends to leave people with hangovers that will last throughout the following day, while light beer rarely, if ever causes hangovers unless, those light beers have chased down a tequila shot, but then the hangover would have been caused by the tequila and not the light beer which, is the point that is being made.. With the advancement in brewing technology in the last five years, the mega-breweries have been able to produce a light beer with a more full bodied flavor without adding any additional calories. In fact, just recently Michelob has claimed to be able to produce a beer with one third fewer calories of light beer. They have appropriately named â€Å"Ultra†. Most would agree that is an amazing feat. Now that the reader has had a chance to view this subject from another perspective, surely they would agree that the advantages of drinking light beer far out-weigh the advantages of drinking a full flavor beer.

Shays Rebellion :: essays research papers

Troubled Farmers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"In the first years of peacetime, following the Revolutionary War, the future of both the agrarian and commercial society appeared threatened by a strangling chain of debt which aggravated the depressed economy of the postwar years†.1 This poor economy affected almost everyone in New England especially the farmers. For years these farmers, or yeomen as they were commonly called, had been used to growing just enough for what they needed and grew little in surplus. As one farmer explained â€Å" My farm provides me and my family with a good living. Nothing we wear, eat, or drink was purchased, because my farm provides it all.†2 The only problem with this way of life is that with no surplus there was no way to make enough money to pay excessive debts. For example, since farmer possessed little money the merchants offered the articles they needed on short-term credit and accepted any surplus farm goods on a seasonal basis for payment. However if the farmer experienced a poor crop, shopkeepers usually extended credit and thereby tied the farmer to their businesses on a yearly basis.3 During a credit crisis, the gradual disintegration of the traditional culture became more apparent. During hard times, merchants in need of ready cash withdrew credit from their yeomen customers and called for the repayment of loans in hard cash. Such demands showed the growing power of the commercial elite.4 As one could imagine this brought much social and economic unrest to the farmers of New England. Many of the farmers in debt were dragged into court and in many cases they were put into debtors prison. Many decided to take action: The farmers waited for the legal due process as long as them could. The Legislature, also know as the General Court, took little action to address the farmers complaints. 5 â€Å"So without waiting for General Court to come back into session to work on grievances as requested, the People took matters into their own hands.†6 This is when the idea for the Rebellion is decided upon and the need for a leader was eminent. The Rebellion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The person that was chosen to lead the rebellion was Daniel Shays. Shays, born in Hopkinton Massachusetts, grew up as a farmer before he fought for his country in the War for Independence. During the War he fought in such key battles as the Battle of Lexington, Bunker Hill and Saratoga.

Discrimination and Social Care

1 M2,D1 Unit 2 Equality diversity and rights in health and social care M2 Assess the influence of a recent national policy initiative promoting anti discriminatory practice D1 Evaluate the success of a recent initiative in promoting anti-discriminatory practice In this criterion there will be an assessment on a recent national policy initiative and the way it promotes anti- discriminatory practice in health and social care. Individual’s rights within a health and social care setting include having access to services and medication.Services should not unlawfully discriminate service users due to their race, gender, disability, religion, belief, or sexuality. Another right of an individual within health and social care is being treated with respect and dignity. No matter what the persons circumstances are when using health or social care services they should always be treated fairly and with respect defiantly if they are in a vulnerable state. Communication is also another right of an individual.Every health and social care setting should have trained professionals who know how to convey effective communication to avoid assumptions and discrimination. As the patients or service users should feel comfortable talking to the staff and know what is happening to them or further plans. For example in a hospital setting once a patient has come out of a big operation a staff member should be able to effectively communicate with them and inform them of all the information that is needed to be given to them.Translators should also be part of any health and social care organisations or easily contacted. All the rights of individuals are included within the Humans Right Act (1998) and they should be applied to the fullest with no contradictory. National policy initiatives National policy initiatives are Laws put together by society rather than the government. They reduce and sometimes stop marginalisation and promote the rights of individuals, whilst meeting their nee ds.The promotion of anti-discriminatory practice is done through the national policies by targeting areas where it is needed. For example the Human Rights Act (1998) and the Disability Discrimination Act (2005), both address anti-discriminatory practice in different ways by ensuring that individuals are treated with respect and dignity and all there other rights are received 2 when being supported by health and social care settings. Every Child Matters (2003) The national policy initiative that will be assessed is Every Child Matters (2003).The aim of this national initiative is to extend services to improve children's life chances and help them with life time problems. This policy highlights the need for services, including schools and social workers and health professionals to work more closely to protect and support the needs and rights of all children. Eight-year old Victoria Climbie died from hypothermia on 25 February 2000 after months of sustained abuse at the hands of her fo ster-carer and Great Aunt, MarieTherese Kouao and her partner Carl John Manning.Victoria visited health and social care settings many times during her being abused and she was complete discharged with no member of staff questioning her marks on her arms and legs and how she broke her leg. Also due to her race she had dark skin colour and therefor bruising was not as apparent. The poor 8 year old went through complete torture and abuse for many years of her life and the health and social care services failed her so many times.Following Victoria’s death, the Home Office and the Department of Health invited Lord Laming who is very well known to work with social services and child protection came to a conclusion that there had been to many deaths of young children who have suffered abuse and completely been neglected by the health and social care services. Lord Laming’s report stated that Victoria’s death had been entirely preventable 12 key occasions were identifie d where services could have successfully interfered to prevent Victoria coming to further harm.The 12 key occasions missed consisted of poor decision-making support for front line workers; and failure to share information within and between agencies. This is where multi agency working became more well-known and the every child matters policy (2003) was released with all the enquiries of lord laming which mainly consisted of the services working as a team and making sure that the health and social care settings make sure all assessments are done thoroughly.The Every Child Matters Policy (2003) was formed through lord lammings enquiries and was closely related to the Children’s Act (2004). Through lord lamming this policy and legislation are able to protect children like Vitoria Climbie and the other cases such as Baby P. The Every Child Matters Policy (2003) promotes anti 3 discriminatory practice in many ways but the five main aspects are the: healthiness Stay safe Enjoy and Achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic wellbeing The first assessment of this national initiative policy is the development of healthy lifestyles in children.The holistic approach is used in promoting health to adolescents and children as the following are looked at: physical, sexual health, exercise, controlling personal stress and having self-esteem. Mental and emotional health are two that are very important in promoting anti discriminatory practice within health and social care as they both are the main focus to what influences an individual’s behaviour and well-being. The next assessment is the safety of children this policy provides. The every child matters policy helps in ensuring that children stay safe from harm.For example abuse in any form including discrimination, marginalization and disempowerment. This also includes all health and social care settings to make sure they follow the child protection legislation and criminal records bureau (CRB) check s for all staff in health and social care setting as they work with the most vulnerable of people. Protecting young people from bullying, harassment and other forms of discrimination is vital as it can have major effects on the child’s future life.Around 1 in 2 children are effected by bulling during school and do unfortunately under achieve and sometimes even turn to suicide (bullying statistics 2009: online). The child matter policy help in promoting anti discriminatory practice in health and social care organisations to keep a clear understanding on how to stop bulling and train staffs in following legislations, policies and procedures to help and reduce forms of bullying and harassment within all different aspect sexual, physical or verbal. Achieving economic well-being is also included in this policy.It also helps in promoting anti –discrimination by helping children grow good teamwork qualities that will stop them from not only discriminating but also stop others from discriminating. The influence of this policy allows settings like schools to prepare children for the skills and knowledge needed for employment and for living economically independently. It also helps children in developing self- confidence again 4 promoting anti -discrimination as the person being discriminated at can build a good relationship with themselves to prevent them from being effected by the discrimination which could lead to low self- esteem and isolation.This assessment proves to have very positive outcomes on young children as it helps them be trained for the bigger world and allows them to see how they can get good carers and be financially competent. It also includes allowing children to be able to access opportunities for work experience and work-based learning to help them again for the future. On another assessment the child matter policy also includes the importance of children enjoying education and training, and the extent to which children make progress with regard to their learning and their personal development.The influence of this aspect has major promotions to anti-discrimination as it educates children in understanding the wrongness of discrimination and how it is unacceptable in society. This also helps children in later life to have a better quality life as the children will feel as though they have achieved something and this can stop children in underachieving schools to simply by making sure that they are enjoying their lessons. This also reduces abscesses and overall improves assessment levels.Teaching children to safeguard them from abuse and neglect can also have a very positive outlook as it is very unfortunate that t not all abuse are recognised and does not stop them either for example the baby p case. Also according child help 2012: online about 30% of abused and neglected children will later abuse their own children, continuing the horrible cycle of abuse. This is the reason to prompting ways children have to ps ychologically overcome the battle of abuse. Also anti-discrimination can be promoted through a wide curriculum including in teaching children in many different cultures religions value and beliefs.Education is a major promotion in anti-discrimination and health and social care settings can support it by allowing staff to be open mind when approaching children in whatever they do. For example when a teacher is to teach a lesson they should make it fun and exciting that will help the learner be more positive about what they are being taught and actually enjoy it. Advocacy this is usually for the most vulnerable of people therefore this policy uses advocacy to makes sure that the rights of children are given to them in any circumstance.However the advocate needs to make sure they do not start to 5 talk and express themselves through their prospects but rather the individuals. This is also part of being an empathetic professional. Many children do need advocates as they are sometimes un aware of the issues going on around them. For example if a child is experiences discrimination from a teacher they may not see it as discrimination and not do anything about this is where an advocate can help. Advocates can also help children to be involved in planning their care and support with regards to their wishes, hopes and dreams.Every health and social care setting needs to have in place policies and procedures that are followed one by the legislation or acts. All health and social care professionals need to abide by the policies and procedures of the organisation to make sure they meet their role in the appropriate way by following the regulations. The every child matters policy does promote this in there regulations and support every employer in doing so. This is done through efficient training and experience. This is part of the professional’s rights to be allowed to have the training that they may need during their practice.This assessment does not only link with the ever child matters policy but all the other national policy initiatives. It has a great influence on the service users as the policies and procedures are mainly made for their benefits and safeguarding the individuals within the practice. The final assessment on the every child matters policy is the promotion of children’s welfare. This is linked to ant discrimination in many ways as it looks at ensuring every child has an equal opportunity no matter where they are from to achieve the best possible development they can.Some children may have been deprived of opportunities and assistance in early life due to their background or money issues within the family. This policy helps in problems like that and provide free services for people who cannot afford it also the promotion of anti-discrimination is done through this by allowing a whole range of different children from different ethnicities, religions and overall values come together to gain the same skills and experience s that can be used latter in their adult lives. D1 in evaluating the every child matters policy there are many strengths and weaknesses.Evan though it is a document from the government green paper there are still improvements made. 6 A strength of the every child matters policy is being able to promote antidiscrimination is through clear learner centred development strategies. A central aim of education in citizenship and personal development is to enable pupils ‘to become more self-confident and responsible in and beyond the classroom. For example behaving in a polite and respectful manner and also picking up litter. This is a promotion of anti-discriminatory practice as young children are taught on how to respect and care for people.For example telling the children that every race, religion and age is the same and they should all respect each other. Also this is strength in implementing anti-discriminatory practice as citizenship lessons educate children in very important li fe skills such as political and public life. it also educates children in situations where they are vulnerable to abuse and how to get help quickly and safely. For example a stranger taking a teenage girl out to a meal is one of the first steps to rape or even gang rape.Education is the strength seen in the lesson provided for students called citizenship as Hannah Richardson a reporter on BBC news states that there are chances of citizenship lessons to become non-mandatory however it has proven to be a great lesson and made some students truly flourish (2010: online) Strength of the Every Child Matters policy is that it also provided a good initial advice and guidance through this policy. Another strength that links to the citizenship lessons is the wide range of curriculum enhancement activities for learners.For example educational visits in and out of the country, musical art at lunch times similar to sports and extra curriculum activates such as work experience and working enterp rise day are all good ways in promoting anti-discriminatory practice within schools as it again educates students on a wide range of ideas rather than what they just read from text books. For example taking student to Auschwitz in Poland to learn the horrifies of the concentration camps rather than reading it from a text book allows them to see how far discrimination went and how it killed up to 4. million people according to The nizkor project (2011: online) Allowing students to experience and see rather then read and hear can make them more passionate about the whole subject. For example world war 2. A third strength of the Every Child Matters Policy in promoting anti discriminatory practice in health and social care is the different health and social care services 7 working together. Also known as multi agency working. Multi-agency working provides benefits for children, young people and families because they receive tailormade support in the most efficient way.The main positive parts in multi-agency working that help in promoting antidiscriminatory is through early identification and intervention which would have again helped previous cases such as Victoria Climbie and baby P. Easier or quicker access to services or expertise is another part of what makes the multi-agency working more sufficient and can save children from situations in time to spear their lives. This also promotes anti-discrimination as it does not marginalise children in poverty it is an overall strategy to help all children.Overall multi-agency work creates a better quality of service whether the child is using the hospital; dentist or a social worker the different agencies and professionals putting their work together gives a higher chance of the child being in safe hands. However there is also weakness seen in multi-agency work that differ the effects of promoting anti discriminatory practice. For example challenges for workers of creating new professional identities in the growing com munities Of practice in other words professionals become confused in where they stand within the agency.This can cause negative behaviour and in some cases lead to discriminatory practice completely defeating the purpose of promoting anti discriminatory practice. For example if hospital agency joins with a social care agency there may be tension between what each member of staff is eligible to say to the rest of the group and where they are higher than the social workers as there manager or below them. Another weakness of, multi-agency work is the professionals background and form of language.As many health and social care professionals use jargon that suits there profession for example medical jargon for move a limb or some other body part away from the midline of the body would be abduction and ABG – arterial blood gas reading. Certain abbreviation can cause difficulties in promoting anti discriminatory practice in the setting as other agencies may feel that they are not be ing told in full of the case. For example social workers may not understand medical jargon and therefore feel that there agency is being left out and not considered.Weakness seen of the education stream the every child policy enquires went there where positive but there also stands negative or weakness that where seen. Evan 8 though Ofsted did believe that the curriculum was boosted by citizenship OFSTED (2012: online) some students felt that they did not want to do the subject as they had heard most of it before. As an eight-year-old said recently, â€Å"It‘s so boring when they keep telling you that making the world a better place means picking up litter and not killing whales‘. BBC News (2012 online) again anti-discrimination is not seen to be prompted if the pupils feel that they do not want to do citizenship as it will benefit them in the least possible way. Also this will lead to an effect of discrimination known as disempowerment as the children may feel they are not given a choice in what they want to and do not want to learn. Overall this criterion has shown the assessments and evaluations of a national policy initiative which is the every child matters policy (2003) that are mostly linked to the Human Right Act (1998).The practices mentioned are very important to be fulfilled in a child’s life for them to have a positive outcome in the adult life. The Human Right Act is the central for health and social care settings. As employers need to be aware of them in any situation to protect all patients and service users of health and social care. Bibliography Edexcel (2011) Unit 2 (online) available at: www. edexcel. com/Pages/Home. aspx accessed 13/02/2012 Stretch. B and Whitehouse. M (2010) Edexcel health and social care level 3 Essex person education limited.Accessed 15/02/2012 Department of education (2012) every child matters: change for children (online) available at: www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationdetail/ page1/ DfES/1081/2004 accessed 13/02/2012 The Excellence Gateway Treasury (2012) Every Child Matters (ECM) (online) available at: http://archive. excellencegateway. org. uk/page. aspx? o=167914 accessed 12/02/2012 Sen Help advice and info (2011) Every Child Matters (online) available at: www. specialneedshelp. co. k/about-every-child-matters accessed 13/02/2012 Bullying statistics (2009) welcome to bullying statistics (online) available at: 9 www. bullyingstatistics. org/ accessed 13/02/2012 NSPCC (2011) statistics (online) available at: www. nspcc. org. uk/inform/research/ statistics/statistics_wda48748. html accessed 14/02/2012 BBC News (2003) Victoria Climbie: chain of neglects (online) available at: http:// news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/2700427. stm accessed 14/02/2012 BBC new (2010) teachers fear for future citizenship lessons. (Online) available at: online www. bbc. co. uk/news/education-11502537 accessed 14/02/2012 10